Regulation and Diabetes
Mellitus
Glucose Regulation - ANSWER ✔✔The process of maintaining
optimal blood glucose levels
glycogen - ANSWER ✔✔animal starch
glycogeneolysis - ANSWER ✔✔the breakdown of glycogen to
glucose
counter-regulatory hormones - ANSWER ✔✔oppose the action of
other hormones (glycogen, cortisol, steroids)
,insulin - ANSWER ✔✔produced, stored and released by the
pancreatic beta cells
secreted by beta cells in response to increase levels of glucose in the
blood
insulin resistance - ANSWER ✔✔a state by which the body cells
respond abnormally to the signaling action of insulin: body doesn't utilize
insulin properly
glucogenesis - ANSWER ✔✔process of producing glucose from non-
carbohydrate sources
body breaks down protein and fats for energy
euglycemia - ANSWER ✔✔normal glucose levels
70-140
hyperglycemia - ANSWER ✔✔a result of insufficient insulin
production or secretion,
excessive counter-regulatory hormone secretion or deficient hormone
signaling
blood glucose levels: > 149
, hypoglycemia - ANSWER ✔✔low glucose related to poor nutrition as
a result of adverse reaction to medications, excessive exercise, disease
blood glucose levels: < 70
glucagon - ANSWER ✔✔secreted by alpha cells in response to
decreased levels of glucose in the blood
glucose regulation: populations at risk - ANSWER ✔✔pregnant
women
infants
older adults
American Indians, Alaska natives, hispanic/lation, asian Americans
glucose regulation: individual risk factors - ANSWER ✔✔genetic risk
factor
poor diet: increased saturated and trans-fatty acid, decreased fiber
intake
chronic conditions
medications: insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, corticosteroids,
estrogen, ACE inhibitors
hypoglycemia: symptoms - ANSWER ✔✔weakness
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