Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Question: NG tube basics and indications
Correct Answer: Definition: A nasogastric tube is a flexible tube inserted through the nose, down the
esophagus, and into the stomach. It is commonly used for short-term feeding and for draining stomach
contents. • Feeding: For patients who cannot ingest food orally but have a functional gastrointestinal tract
(e.g., stroke, head and neck cancers). • Decompression: For patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or
ileus to remove air, fluid, or gastric contents. • Administration of Medications: For patients unable to
swallow pills or liquids. • Gastric Lavage: For poisoning or overdose situations.
Question: Levin Tube
Correct Answer: : A single-lumen tube for feeding or drainage.
Question: • Salem Sump Tube
Correct Answer: : A double-lumen tube often used for decompression; one lumen vents to prevent
suction-induced damage to the stomach lining. •
Question: Polyurethane and Silicone Tubes
Correct Answer: : More durable and often used for longer-term NG tube placements.
Question: Indications
Correct Answer: for NG tube: Inability to eat or swallow, need for gastrointestinal decompression,
medication administration, or aspiration prevention.
Question: • Contraindications
Correct Answer: for NG tube: Facial or skull fractures, esophageal varices, or history of esophageal
strictures. Also, caution in patients with impaired gag reflex or those at high risk for aspiration.
Question: • Placement of the NG Tube
Correct Answer: : The tube travels through the nasal cavity, passes through the oropharynx, esophagus,
and enters the stomach. • Important Landmarks: Measuring the tube, checking for correct placement, and
confirming proper positioning using methods like pH testing or radiographic confirmation.
Question: Procedure of NG
Correct Answer: • Assess the Patient: Check the patient's medical history (e.g., nasal obstruction, recent
facial surgery, swallowing difficulty) and confirm the need for an NG tube. • Explain the Procedure:
Discuss with the patient the purpose of the tube, what they should expect, and any discomfort they may
experience. Ensure the patient is in a semi-Fowler's position. • Gather Equipment: NG tube, lubricant,
gloves, tape, stethoscope, pH test strips, saline, or water for aspirating contents.
Question: Types of Enteral Nutrition
Correct Answer: Standard Formulas: Complete, balanced formulas that provide all necessary nutrients. •
Specialized Formulas: These may be used for specific conditions, such as renal failure, diabetes, or
malabsorption. • Continuous vs. Intermittent Feeding: Continuous feeding provides a slow, steady flow of
nutrients, while intermittent feeding mimics normal meal patterns. • Bolus Feeding: A more rapid method,
where a set volume of formula is given at specific intervals.
, Question: Tube Feeding Administration
Correct Answer: Indications: Inability to consume adequate nutrition orally: Due to neurological
conditions (e.g., stroke, dementia), mechanical obstruction, or critical illness. Long-term enteral feeding: In
cases where oral intake is insufficient to meet nutritional needs, tube feeding can provide a long-term
solution.
Question: NG tube trouble shooting and nursing interventions
Correct Answer: Possible Complications Discomfort and gagging: Provide reassurance, encourage slow
breathing, and allow rest between attempts. Accidental Placement in the Lungs: If the patient begins
coughing, wheezing, or showing signs of distress, remove the tube and attempt insertion again. Trauma to
Nasal Passages or Esophagus: If resistance is met or if there is any bleeding, stop the procedure and
reassess.
Question: Complciations pic of NG
Correct Answer: Complciations pic of NG is the key item for this question. In health care and nursing, it
identifies the relevant assessment, intervention, condition, medication, or safety principle.
Question: NG tube care
Correct Answer: NG tube care is the key item for this question. In health care and nursing, it identifies the
relevant assessment, intervention, condition, medication, or safety principle.
Question: Preparing the Patient for Enteral Nutrition
Correct Answer: • Check Tube Placement: Always confirm NG tube placement using methods like
aspiration and pH testing before administering food or medications. • Check Residuals: Before feeding,
aspirate the stomach contents to check for residuals. A significant amount (e.g., more than 200 mL) may
indicate delayed gastric emptying. • Prepare the Feeding Formula: Ensure the formula is at room
temperature and free of clumps. • Prepare the Equipment: Syringe, feeding bag, gloves, and water for
flushing. Administering Tube Feeding (Enteral Feeding) • For Continuous Feeding: Set up the feeding
pump according to the prescribed rate, ensuring that the feeding tube is not kinked or blocked. • For Bolus
Feeding: Attach a syringe to the feeding tube, and administer the formula slowly over a set period, typically
15-30 minutes. • Flush the Tube: After feeding, flush the NG tube with water (typically 30 mL) to prevent
clogging. Assessment: • Before Tube Feeding: Always check for correct tube placement, residual volume,
and signs of gastric distension or discomfort. • During Feeding: Monitor the patient for any signs of
aspiration, nausea, or discomfort. • After Feeding: Check for gastric residuals, flush the tube, and assess for
signs of complications like diarrhea, bloating, or aspiration. Documentation: • Document tube placement
confirmation, type of feeding, amount administered, patient's tolerance, and any complications or nursing
interventions. • Record any changes in patient status, such as the need for tube replacement or removal.
Question: Assessment of placement
Correct Answer: chest xray
Question: NG Tube Replacement or Removal
Correct Answer: • Indications for Removal: When the patient no longer requires the NG tube for feeding
or drainage (e.g., when the patient starts eating orally or if the gastrointestinal function returns). • Procedure
for Removal: Verify that the patient is stable and able to resume normal feeding. Explain the procedure to
the patient to reduce anxiety. Remove the tape securing the tube, and gently pull it out while the patient
exhales. Ensure that the patient is comfortable post-removal, and document the removal.
CORRECT Answers
Question: NG tube basics and indications
Correct Answer: Definition: A nasogastric tube is a flexible tube inserted through the nose, down the
esophagus, and into the stomach. It is commonly used for short-term feeding and for draining stomach
contents. • Feeding: For patients who cannot ingest food orally but have a functional gastrointestinal tract
(e.g., stroke, head and neck cancers). • Decompression: For patients with gastrointestinal obstruction or
ileus to remove air, fluid, or gastric contents. • Administration of Medications: For patients unable to
swallow pills or liquids. • Gastric Lavage: For poisoning or overdose situations.
Question: Levin Tube
Correct Answer: : A single-lumen tube for feeding or drainage.
Question: • Salem Sump Tube
Correct Answer: : A double-lumen tube often used for decompression; one lumen vents to prevent
suction-induced damage to the stomach lining. •
Question: Polyurethane and Silicone Tubes
Correct Answer: : More durable and often used for longer-term NG tube placements.
Question: Indications
Correct Answer: for NG tube: Inability to eat or swallow, need for gastrointestinal decompression,
medication administration, or aspiration prevention.
Question: • Contraindications
Correct Answer: for NG tube: Facial or skull fractures, esophageal varices, or history of esophageal
strictures. Also, caution in patients with impaired gag reflex or those at high risk for aspiration.
Question: • Placement of the NG Tube
Correct Answer: : The tube travels through the nasal cavity, passes through the oropharynx, esophagus,
and enters the stomach. • Important Landmarks: Measuring the tube, checking for correct placement, and
confirming proper positioning using methods like pH testing or radiographic confirmation.
Question: Procedure of NG
Correct Answer: • Assess the Patient: Check the patient's medical history (e.g., nasal obstruction, recent
facial surgery, swallowing difficulty) and confirm the need for an NG tube. • Explain the Procedure:
Discuss with the patient the purpose of the tube, what they should expect, and any discomfort they may
experience. Ensure the patient is in a semi-Fowler's position. • Gather Equipment: NG tube, lubricant,
gloves, tape, stethoscope, pH test strips, saline, or water for aspirating contents.
Question: Types of Enteral Nutrition
Correct Answer: Standard Formulas: Complete, balanced formulas that provide all necessary nutrients. •
Specialized Formulas: These may be used for specific conditions, such as renal failure, diabetes, or
malabsorption. • Continuous vs. Intermittent Feeding: Continuous feeding provides a slow, steady flow of
nutrients, while intermittent feeding mimics normal meal patterns. • Bolus Feeding: A more rapid method,
where a set volume of formula is given at specific intervals.
, Question: Tube Feeding Administration
Correct Answer: Indications: Inability to consume adequate nutrition orally: Due to neurological
conditions (e.g., stroke, dementia), mechanical obstruction, or critical illness. Long-term enteral feeding: In
cases where oral intake is insufficient to meet nutritional needs, tube feeding can provide a long-term
solution.
Question: NG tube trouble shooting and nursing interventions
Correct Answer: Possible Complications Discomfort and gagging: Provide reassurance, encourage slow
breathing, and allow rest between attempts. Accidental Placement in the Lungs: If the patient begins
coughing, wheezing, or showing signs of distress, remove the tube and attempt insertion again. Trauma to
Nasal Passages or Esophagus: If resistance is met or if there is any bleeding, stop the procedure and
reassess.
Question: Complciations pic of NG
Correct Answer: Complciations pic of NG is the key item for this question. In health care and nursing, it
identifies the relevant assessment, intervention, condition, medication, or safety principle.
Question: NG tube care
Correct Answer: NG tube care is the key item for this question. In health care and nursing, it identifies the
relevant assessment, intervention, condition, medication, or safety principle.
Question: Preparing the Patient for Enteral Nutrition
Correct Answer: • Check Tube Placement: Always confirm NG tube placement using methods like
aspiration and pH testing before administering food or medications. • Check Residuals: Before feeding,
aspirate the stomach contents to check for residuals. A significant amount (e.g., more than 200 mL) may
indicate delayed gastric emptying. • Prepare the Feeding Formula: Ensure the formula is at room
temperature and free of clumps. • Prepare the Equipment: Syringe, feeding bag, gloves, and water for
flushing. Administering Tube Feeding (Enteral Feeding) • For Continuous Feeding: Set up the feeding
pump according to the prescribed rate, ensuring that the feeding tube is not kinked or blocked. • For Bolus
Feeding: Attach a syringe to the feeding tube, and administer the formula slowly over a set period, typically
15-30 minutes. • Flush the Tube: After feeding, flush the NG tube with water (typically 30 mL) to prevent
clogging. Assessment: • Before Tube Feeding: Always check for correct tube placement, residual volume,
and signs of gastric distension or discomfort. • During Feeding: Monitor the patient for any signs of
aspiration, nausea, or discomfort. • After Feeding: Check for gastric residuals, flush the tube, and assess for
signs of complications like diarrhea, bloating, or aspiration. Documentation: • Document tube placement
confirmation, type of feeding, amount administered, patient's tolerance, and any complications or nursing
interventions. • Record any changes in patient status, such as the need for tube replacement or removal.
Question: Assessment of placement
Correct Answer: chest xray
Question: NG Tube Replacement or Removal
Correct Answer: • Indications for Removal: When the patient no longer requires the NG tube for feeding
or drainage (e.g., when the patient starts eating orally or if the gastrointestinal function returns). • Procedure
for Removal: Verify that the patient is stable and able to resume normal feeding. Explain the procedure to
the patient to reduce anxiety. Remove the tape securing the tube, and gently pull it out while the patient
exhales. Ensure that the patient is comfortable post-removal, and document the removal.
