University of Michigan
3 MAXE · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 3
C E L L D I V I S I O N , M E N D E L I A N G E N E T I CS , M E I O S I S & C H R O M O S O M A L I N H E R I TA N C E
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 3 — Cell Division & TOTAL QUESTIONS 250 Questions
Genetics
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover cell division (mitosis/meiosis), Mendelian genetics, chromosomal inheritance, DNA
replication, gene expression, and bacterial cell division.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 Exam 3 objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for comprehensive exam
preparation.
, BIO 171 EXAM 3 — MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, MENDELIAN
GENETICS, CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE & CELL Questions 1 – 250
CYCLE
1. Why do we have cell division?
A. To repair damaged cells and to reproduce
B. To produce energy for the cell
C. To synthesize proteins exclusively
D. To eliminate waste products
CORRECT ANSWER A — To repair damaged cells and to reproduce
RATIONALE Per the source material, cell division serves two primary purposes: repairing
damaged cells (replacing worn-out or injured cells) and reproduction (producing
new organisms, either asexually or through gamete production). Options B, C,
and D describe metabolic functions, not the purpose of cell division.
2. What property distinguished Mendel's investigation from previous studies?
A. Mendel used animals instead of plants
B. Mendel quantified his results
C. Mendel studied only one generation
D. Mendel did not control his crosses
CORRECT ANSWER B — Mendel quantified his results
RATIONALE Per the source material, Mendel's key innovation was quantifying his results — he
counted offspring and applied statistical analysis to inheritance patterns.
Previous investigators described traits qualitatively. His quantitative approach
revealed the mathematical ratios (3:1, 9:3:3:1) that became the foundation of
genetics.
,3. Maternal and paternal chromosomes that pair during meiosis are called:
A. Sister chromatids
B. Homologous
C. Non-sister chromatids
D. Daughter chromosomes
CORRECT ANSWER B — Homologous
RATIONALE Per the source material, maternal and paternal chromosomes are homologous —
they are the same size, have the same centromere position, and contain the same
genes in the same order (though potentially different alleles). Sister chromatids
(option A) are identical copies of a single chromosome.
4. The F1 generation of the monohybrid cross purple (PP) × white (pp) flower pea plants
should:
A. All have white flowers
B. All have purple flowers
C. Have a 3:1 ratio of purple to white
D. Have pink flowers
CORRECT ANSWER B — All have purple flowers
RATIONALE Per the source material, crossing true-breeding purple (PP) with true-breeding
white (pp) produces all heterozygous (Pp) F1 offspring. Since purple is dominant
over white, all F1 plants display the purple phenotype. The 3:1 ratio appears in
the F2 generation when F1 plants self-fertilize.
, 5. The F1 plants from a PP × pp cross are allowed to self-fertilize. The phenotypic ratio for
the F2 should be:
A. 1 purple : 1 white
B. 3 purple : 1 white
C. All purple
D. 1 purple : 3 white
CORRECT ANSWER B — 3 purple : 1 white
RATIONALE Per the source material, self-fertilizing F1 heterozygotes (Pp × Pp) produces
offspring genotypes in a 1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp ratio. Since purple (P) is dominant, both
PP and Pp display purple flowers, while only pp displays white. This yields the
classic 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
6. Each one of a pair of homologous chromosomes is called a:
A. Sister chromatid
B. Homolog
C. Centromere
D. Tetrad
CORRECT ANSWER B — Homolog
RATIONALE Per the source material, each one of the pair of homologous chromosomes is
called a homolog — one inherited from each parent. A sister chromatid (option A)
is an identical copy of a single chromosome. The centromere (option C) is the
constricted region. A tetrad (option D) is a four-chromatid structure in meiosis I.
3 MAXE · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 3
C E L L D I V I S I O N , M E N D E L I A N G E N E T I CS , M E I O S I S & C H R O M O S O M A L I N H E R I TA N C E
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 3 — Cell Division & TOTAL QUESTIONS 250 Questions
Genetics
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover cell division (mitosis/meiosis), Mendelian genetics, chromosomal inheritance, DNA
replication, gene expression, and bacterial cell division.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 Exam 3 objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question for comprehensive exam
preparation.
, BIO 171 EXAM 3 — MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, MENDELIAN
GENETICS, CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE & CELL Questions 1 – 250
CYCLE
1. Why do we have cell division?
A. To repair damaged cells and to reproduce
B. To produce energy for the cell
C. To synthesize proteins exclusively
D. To eliminate waste products
CORRECT ANSWER A — To repair damaged cells and to reproduce
RATIONALE Per the source material, cell division serves two primary purposes: repairing
damaged cells (replacing worn-out or injured cells) and reproduction (producing
new organisms, either asexually or through gamete production). Options B, C,
and D describe metabolic functions, not the purpose of cell division.
2. What property distinguished Mendel's investigation from previous studies?
A. Mendel used animals instead of plants
B. Mendel quantified his results
C. Mendel studied only one generation
D. Mendel did not control his crosses
CORRECT ANSWER B — Mendel quantified his results
RATIONALE Per the source material, Mendel's key innovation was quantifying his results — he
counted offspring and applied statistical analysis to inheritance patterns.
Previous investigators described traits qualitatively. His quantitative approach
revealed the mathematical ratios (3:1, 9:3:3:1) that became the foundation of
genetics.
,3. Maternal and paternal chromosomes that pair during meiosis are called:
A. Sister chromatids
B. Homologous
C. Non-sister chromatids
D. Daughter chromosomes
CORRECT ANSWER B — Homologous
RATIONALE Per the source material, maternal and paternal chromosomes are homologous —
they are the same size, have the same centromere position, and contain the same
genes in the same order (though potentially different alleles). Sister chromatids
(option A) are identical copies of a single chromosome.
4. The F1 generation of the monohybrid cross purple (PP) × white (pp) flower pea plants
should:
A. All have white flowers
B. All have purple flowers
C. Have a 3:1 ratio of purple to white
D. Have pink flowers
CORRECT ANSWER B — All have purple flowers
RATIONALE Per the source material, crossing true-breeding purple (PP) with true-breeding
white (pp) produces all heterozygous (Pp) F1 offspring. Since purple is dominant
over white, all F1 plants display the purple phenotype. The 3:1 ratio appears in
the F2 generation when F1 plants self-fertilize.
, 5. The F1 plants from a PP × pp cross are allowed to self-fertilize. The phenotypic ratio for
the F2 should be:
A. 1 purple : 1 white
B. 3 purple : 1 white
C. All purple
D. 1 purple : 3 white
CORRECT ANSWER B — 3 purple : 1 white
RATIONALE Per the source material, self-fertilizing F1 heterozygotes (Pp × Pp) produces
offspring genotypes in a 1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp ratio. Since purple (P) is dominant, both
PP and Pp display purple flowers, while only pp displays white. This yields the
classic 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
6. Each one of a pair of homologous chromosomes is called a:
A. Sister chromatid
B. Homolog
C. Centromere
D. Tetrad
CORRECT ANSWER B — Homolog
RATIONALE Per the source material, each one of the pair of homologous chromosomes is
called a homolog — one inherited from each parent. A sister chromatid (option A)
is an identical copy of a single chromosome. The centromere (option C) is the
constricted region. A tetrad (option D) is a four-chromatid structure in meiosis I.
