University of Michigan
WEIVER · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 2 Review
I N T E G U M E N TA RY SYST E M , S K E L E TA L SYST E M & H O M E O STA S I S
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 2 Review — TOTAL QUESTIONS 40 Questions
Integumentary & Skeletal Systems
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
REVIEW EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover nail structure, skin glands, skin color factors, bone structure and growth, integumentary
system layers, and homeostasis.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 Exam 2 objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, BIO 171 EXAM 2 REVIEW — INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM,
Questions 1 – 40
SKELETAL SYSTEM & HOMEOSTASIS
1. The nail structure that overlies the nail bed is the:
A. Nail bed
B. Nail plate
C. Lunula
D. Cuticle
CORRECT ANSWER B — Nail plate
RATIONALE Per the source material, the nail plate is the hard, visible portion that overlies the
nail bed. The nail bed (option A) is the surface of skin underneath the nail plate.
The lunula (option C) is the most active growing region, visible as the whitish half-
moon at the base. The cuticle (option D) is the skin fold at the proximal end of the
nail.
2. The most active growing region of the nail is the:
A. Nail plate
B. Nail bed
C. Lunula
D. Eponychium
CORRECT ANSWER C — Lunula
RATIONALE Per the source material, the lunula (the whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base
of the nail) is the most active growing region. It represents the visible portion of
the nail matrix where new nail cells are produced. The nail plate (option A) is the
hardened product. The nail bed (option B) supports the plate.
, 3. Sebaceous glands use which mode of secretion and what is their primary function?
A. Eccrine — lower body temperature
B. Holocrine — produce sebum/oils that keep hair soft, pliable, and waterproof
C. Apocrine — respond to emotions and pain
D. Merocrine — produce ear wax
CORRECT ANSWER B — Holocrine — produce sebum/oils that keep hair soft, pliable, and
waterproof
RATIONALE Per the source material, sebaceous glands use holocrine secretion (the entire cell
ruptures to release its product) and produce sebum — an oily substance that
keeps hair soft, pliable, and waterproof. They are located near hair follicles
everywhere except palms and soles. Eccrine glands (option A) lower body
temperature. Apocrine glands (option C) respond to emotions. Ceruminous
glands (option D) produce ear wax.
4. Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands function to:
A. Produce ear wax for protection
B. Lower body temperature
C. Respond to emotions and pain
D. Produce sebum to waterproof hair
CORRECT ANSWER B — Lower body temperature
RATIONALE Per the source material, merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands function to lower body
temperature through evaporative cooling. They are widespread in skin and
originate in the deep dermis or hypodermis. Ceruminous glands (option A)
produce ear wax. Apocrine glands (option C) respond to emotions. Sebaceous
glands (option D) produce sebum.
WEIVER · 171 OIB
M
★ ★
UMICH Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
EST. 1817
ARTES · SCIENTIA · VERITAS
BIO 171 — Exam 2 Review
I N T E G U M E N TA RY SYST E M , S K E L E TA L SYST E M & H O M E O STA S I S
INSTITUTION University of Michigan COURSE CODE BIO 171
PROGRAM Ecology & Evolutionary Biology ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE BIO 171 Exam 2 Review — TOTAL QUESTIONS 40 Questions
Integumentary & Skeletal Systems
COURSE TITLE Introductory Biology: Ecology & FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Evolutionary Biology Single Best Answer
REVIEW EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Questions cover nail structure, skin glands, skin color factors, bone structure and growth, integumentary
system layers, and homeostasis.
▸ Content is aligned with University of Michigan BIO 171 Exam 2 objectives.
▸ Correct answers and detailed rationales appear below each question.
, BIO 171 EXAM 2 REVIEW — INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM,
Questions 1 – 40
SKELETAL SYSTEM & HOMEOSTASIS
1. The nail structure that overlies the nail bed is the:
A. Nail bed
B. Nail plate
C. Lunula
D. Cuticle
CORRECT ANSWER B — Nail plate
RATIONALE Per the source material, the nail plate is the hard, visible portion that overlies the
nail bed. The nail bed (option A) is the surface of skin underneath the nail plate.
The lunula (option C) is the most active growing region, visible as the whitish half-
moon at the base. The cuticle (option D) is the skin fold at the proximal end of the
nail.
2. The most active growing region of the nail is the:
A. Nail plate
B. Nail bed
C. Lunula
D. Eponychium
CORRECT ANSWER C — Lunula
RATIONALE Per the source material, the lunula (the whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base
of the nail) is the most active growing region. It represents the visible portion of
the nail matrix where new nail cells are produced. The nail plate (option A) is the
hardened product. The nail bed (option B) supports the plate.
, 3. Sebaceous glands use which mode of secretion and what is their primary function?
A. Eccrine — lower body temperature
B. Holocrine — produce sebum/oils that keep hair soft, pliable, and waterproof
C. Apocrine — respond to emotions and pain
D. Merocrine — produce ear wax
CORRECT ANSWER B — Holocrine — produce sebum/oils that keep hair soft, pliable, and
waterproof
RATIONALE Per the source material, sebaceous glands use holocrine secretion (the entire cell
ruptures to release its product) and produce sebum — an oily substance that
keeps hair soft, pliable, and waterproof. They are located near hair follicles
everywhere except palms and soles. Eccrine glands (option A) lower body
temperature. Apocrine glands (option C) respond to emotions. Ceruminous
glands (option D) produce ear wax.
4. Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands function to:
A. Produce ear wax for protection
B. Lower body temperature
C. Respond to emotions and pain
D. Produce sebum to waterproof hair
CORRECT ANSWER B — Lower body temperature
RATIONALE Per the source material, merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands function to lower body
temperature through evaporative cooling. They are widespread in skin and
originate in the deep dermis or hypodermis. Ceruminous glands (option A)
produce ear wax. Apocrine glands (option C) respond to emotions. Sebaceous
glands (option D) produce sebum.
