PSYC 2013 - Introduction to Psychology - Exams 1-5 (all 1 pdf) | Questions and answers | Latest 2025/2026 - LeTourneau University.

PSYC 2013 - Introduction to Psychology - Exams 1-5 (all 1 pdf) | Questions and answers | Latest 2025/2026 - LeTourneau University. Exam 1 (Chapters 1-2) Due Jan 14 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 50 Available Jan 11 at 12:01am - Jan 14 at 11:59pm Time Limit 50 Minutes Instructions: This exam consists of 50 multiple choice questions over Chapters 1 and 2 in the Myers and Dewall Psychology in Everyday Life textbook. You will have 50 minutes to complete the exam. You have one attempt at the exam. Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 52 out of 100. Submitted Jan 12 at 10:24pm. This attempt took 50 minutes. Question 1 2 / 2 pts A hypothesis is a(n) observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables. testable prediction that gives direction to research. set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts. unprovable assumption about the processes that underlie psychological functioning. Question 2 2 / 2 pts Dr. Stott is an expert in cognitive psychology and is currently reading and reviewing a research study that has been submitted for publication consideration in an academic journal. Dr. Stott does not know who wrote the article and is reviewing the study based on incorporation and application of theory, originality, and accuracy in research design, analysis, and results. Dr. Stott is serving as a peer reviewer. tester. consultant. counselor. Question 3 2 / 2 pts Professor Palma believes fraternal twins differ in personality because they do not share the same genes. Her idea is best described as a(n) operational definition. naturalistic observation. theory. replication. Question 4 0 / 2 pts A researcher is studying how drinking caffeinated sodas might affect childhood friendships, the researcher clearly identified the procedures used to measure childhood friendships. This illustrates random assignment. the double-blind procedure. an operational definition. the independent variable. Question 5 0 / 2 pts Preregistration encourages researchers tochange their hypotheses to fit the data before reporting their findings. report their findings, even when those findings fail to replicate earlier findings. report only those findings that have been subject to peer review. report only those findings that confirm earlier findings. Question 6 2 / 2 pts Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the political beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward welfare? the survey experimentation the case study naturalistic observation Question 7 2 / 2 pts To better understand how patients recover from a traumatic brain injury after an automobile accident, Dr. Thomas carefully observes and questions Michael, who experienced a traumatic brain injury in an automobile accident over a year ago. Which research method is Dr. Thomas implementing? the case study random sampling the survey experimentation IncorrectQuestion 8 0 / 2 pts Professor Tudosa was concerned that research results on the value of aerobic exercise were not exactly accurate. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of the findings? random sampling the case study replication naturalistic observation Question 9 2 / 2 pts Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of lion societies in the jungle are using a research method known as naturalistic case study. experimentation. the survey. IncorrectQuestion 10 0 / 2 pts Damien is studying the use of social media by students at Yonkers High School. He has randomly selected and questioned 100 students. In this instance, all the students attending the school are considered to be a(n) independent variable. population. control condition. representative sample. IncorrectQuestion 11 0 / 2 pts If researchers found that younger parents have more intelligent children than older parents, this would demonstrate that the age of parents and children's intelligence is positively correlated. intelligence is inherited. younger parents provide their children with greater educational opportunities than do older parents. all of these statements are correct. Question 12 2 / 2 pts Suppose that research studies have found that as positive parenting increases, children's feelings of depression decrease. This would demonstrate a(n) positive correlation. neutral relationship. absence of cause and effect. negative correlation. Question 13 2 / 2 pts Based on a recent survey indicating that people who smoke regularly report having less energy, a news article includes the headline "Smoking Makes You Sleepy!" What is wrong with this conclusion?It was derived from a survey study. Correlation does not prove causation. The experiment that reached this conclusion cannot be replicated. This finding is not problematic. IncorrectQuestion 14 0 / 2 pts Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate case studies from surveys. facts from theories. causes from effects. random samples from representative samples. Question 15 2 / 2 pts Amit is working on his term paper for his psychology course. He plans to design an experiment in which participants are assigned to the experimental and control groups by chance. He is using a correlational design. a case study. random assignment. forced participation. Question 16 2 / 2 pts Participants who are exposed to the treatment being tested in an experiment are said to be assigned to the experimental group. random sample. standardized treatment. control group. Question 17 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group? The research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments.The experimental treatment is absent. The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior. The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment. Question 18 2 / 2 pts Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of replication. random sampling. the double-blind procedure. naturalistic observation. IncorrectQuestion 19 0 / 2 pts The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of ________ on feelings and behaviors. positive expectations the double-blind procedure hindsight bias random sampling IncorrectQuestion 20 0 / 2 pts In an experimental study, men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dosage) was the confounding variable. independent variable. dependent variable. random sample. Question 21 2 / 2 pts A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a placebo unding variable. correlation coefficient. wording effect. IncorrectQuestion 22 0 / 2 pts To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was insults or compliments. interpersonal attraction. feelings of self-esteem. physical appearance. IncorrectQuestion 23 0 / 2 pts Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking a placebo effect. an operational definition. a representative sample. informed consent. Question 24 2 / 2 pts Dr. Zuniga has just completed a research study, and so she is now explaining to the participants the true purpose of the study and any deceptions that were used. Her explanations are referred to as informed consent. random assignment. debriefing. the double-blind procedure. IncorrectQuestion 25 0 / 2 pts Psychologists' personal values and goals can bias their observations and them to avoid experiments involving human participants. are carefully tested by means of observation and experimentation. have very little influence on the process of scientific observation. Question 26 2 / 2 pts Neurons are best described as brief electrical charges that travel down the axon. chemical molecules that cross the synaptic gap. nerve cells that function as the building blocks of the nervous system. bundled axon cables that connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs. Question 27 0 / 2 pts In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the ________ of a single neuron. dendrites to the axon to the cell body axon to the cell body to the dendrites dendrites to the cell body to the axon axon to the dendrites to the cell body Question 28 0 / 2 pts Neurotransmitters are released from terminal branches of the dendrites. axon. myelin sheath. cell body. Question 29 2 / 2 pts An electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the refractory period. synapse. myelin sheath. action potential. Question 30 2 / 2 pts Glial cells provide ________, the sheath of fatty tissue that insulates some neurons. axons synapses myelindendrites Question 31 0 / 2 pts Mr. Hernandez's symptoms of confusion and memory loss have led his physicians to conclude that he has Alzheimer's disease. His symptoms are most likely to be linked with a deterioration of brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. epinephrine. endorphin. acetylcholine. Question 32 2 / 2 pts Schizophrenia is most closely linked to an oversupply of the neurotransmitter serotonin. dopamine. acetylcholine. epinephrine. Question 33 0 / 2 pts Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the regular functioning of your cerebral cortex. amygdala. motor cortex. somatosensory cortex. IncorrectQuestion 34 0 / 2 pts The hindbrain structure at the brainstem's base that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the medulla. cerebellum. thalamus. amygdala. Question 35 2 / 2 pts The ________ receives replies regarding the senses from various brain regions and directs the information to the medulla and the cerebellum. hypothalamusthalamus pons reticular formation IncorrectQuestion 36 0 / 2 pts The ________ is at the front of the parietal lobes and registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. somatosensory cortex temporal lobe motor cortex occipital lobe IncorrectQuestion 37 0 / 2 pts Alan is preparing breakfast for his children while also rehearsing for a speech he has to give in the afternoon. Which brain area is involved in this multitasking? reticular formation pons cerebellum medulla IncorrectQuestion 38 0 / 2 pts The neural center in the limbic system that processes conscious, explicit memories of facts and events for storage is called the medulla. hippocampus. thalamus. hypothalamus. Question 39 2 / 2 pts As Cloe reads a new book, her ________ is involved in aiding her vocabulary, reading, and ability to store information. medullathalamus cerebellum pons Question 40 2 / 2 pts Claudine just started the semester and is now working on her schedule for the term. Which area of her brain is involved in her ability to plan her semester? temporal lobes parietal lobes frontal lobes occipital lobes IncorrectQuestion 41 0 / 2 pts The largest regions of the brain are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. These regions are called the somatosensory cortex. corpus callosum. association areas. hippocampus. Question 42 2 / 2 pts Christa, who is terrified of insects, discovers that the cake she left overnight on the kitchen counter is now overrun with ants. Which brain area is involved in her fear response? hypothalamus hippocampus amygdala medulla IncorrectQuestion 43 0 / 2 pts Based on signals it receives from your blood chemistry or other brain parts, your hypothalamus provides pleasurable further stimulation. intensifies thought. secretes hormones. Question 44 2 / 2 pts The auditory hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are most closely linked with the activation of areas in their temporal lobes. parietal lobes. motor cortex. somatosensory cortex. Question 45 2 / 2 pts The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that sends information from the left half of your field of vision to your right cerebral hemisphere. transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. transfers neural impulses from the somatosensory cortex to the motor cortex. enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. Question 46 2 / 2 pts Carlann experienced damage to the left side of her brain. Yet, she has difficulty using her right hand, not her left hand. This indicates that the somatosensory cortex is responsible for phantom limb movements. motor cortex on the left side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the opposite side of the body. motor cortex on the left side of the brain controls movements of specific body parts on the left side of the body. association areas of the brain control movements of all body parts. IncorrectQuestion 47 0 / 2 pts A tendency for the brain's left and right hemispheres to serve different functions is called alization. neuroplasticity. neurogenesis. IncorrectQuestion 48 0 / 2 pts Conscious information processing is LEAST likely to be required for the automatic physical survival functions regulated by the brainstem. thalamus. hippocampus. amygdala. Question 49 2 / 2 pts The limbic system consists of the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. the cerebral hemispheres and frontal lobes. all four frontal lobes. the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex. IncorrectQuestion 50 0 / 2 pts Yesenia loves to walk through the woods, seeing and listening to the wildlife. Yesenia's seeing and hearing are enabled by the midbrain. hindbrain. pons. forebrain. Quiz Score: 52 out of 100Exam 2 (Chapters 3-5) Due Jan 28 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 60 Available Jan 25 at 12:01am - Jan 28 at 11:59pm Time Limit 60 Minutes Instructions: This exam consists of 60 multiple choice questions over Chapters 3-5 in the Myers and Dewall Psychology in Everyday Life textbook. You will have 60 minutes to complete the exam. You have one attempt at the exam. Score for this quiz: 75 out of 100. Submitted Jan 28 at 4:26pm. This attempt took 57 minutes. Question 1 1.6 / 1.6 pts A critical period is a period of time during which exposure to certain stimuli or experiences is needed for proper development. children frequently disobey and resist their parents. parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained. children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly. Question 2 1.6 / 1.6 pts Della's baby is 1 year old and is not walking yet. What should you tell Della? "Perhaps her fine motor skills are behind schedule." "This is perfectly normal. Although 50 percent of babies walk within a week after their first birthday, many don't until they are 15 months old." "Ninety percent of babies walk by the time they are 12 months old. Perhaps you should have the pediatrician check on her motor-skill development." "Don't worry about it! Only 25 percent of babies walk by the time they are 12 months old." Question 3 0 / 1.6 pts Based on what researchers have learned about the environment and development, what is the expected outcome of a lack of stimulation during human development? Neither brain nor cognitive development will slow down. Cognitive development will slow down. Brain development will slow down. Both brain and cognitive development will slow down. Question 4 1.6 / 1.6 pts Cognition refers to the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. an emotional tie linking one person with another. any process of change that accompanies maturation. any process that facilitates the physical development of the brain. Question 5 1.6 / 1.6 pts Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is to ________ as adapting current schemas to incorporate new information is to ________.conservation; egocentrism sensorimotor stage; preoperational stage assimilation; accommodation imprinting; maturation Question 6 0 / 1.6 pts Christa is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her caregiver when she sees someone she does not know. It is likely that Christa has also just lost her sense of secure attachment. overcome the limitation of egocentrism. mastered the principle of conservation. developed a sense of object permanence. Question 7 1.6 / 1.6 pts Evilio is 15 years old. According to Piaget, which specific accomplishments are characteristic of children his age? object permanence and stranger anxiety conservation and mathematical transformations abstract logic and moral reasoning pretend play and egocentrism Question 8 0 / 1.6 pts Nigede is 5 years old and is standing in front of the TV while watching a soccer game. Her parents are also trying to watch, but Nigede is standing right in front of them. Nigede doesn't realize that she is blocking her parents' view. This is an example of pretend play. egocentric behavior. object permanence. conservatism. Question 9 1.6 / 1.6 pts Rossen counted 15 Lego building blocks piled one on top of the other. When the pile was knocked over and the blocks were scattered in front of him, he knew that there were still 15 blocks. This indicates that Rossen has reached the ________ stage of development. concrete operational formal operational preoperational sensorimotor Question 10 1.6 / 1.6 ptsPreschoolers who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aid box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a theory of mind. secure attachment. concept of conservation. conventional morality. Question 11 1.6 / 1.6 pts According to Piaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the ________ stage is to the ________ stage. sensorimotor; preoperational concrete operational; preoperational concrete operational; formal operational preoperational; concrete operational Question 12 1.6 / 1.6 pts We now refer to Vygotsky's framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking as egocentrism. a scaffold. a schema. a theory of mind. Question 13 1.6 / 1.6 pts One-year-old Iris generally does not seem to be afraid of unfamiliar people but she clearly prefers being held by her parents than by anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates accommodation. egocentrism. conservation. secure attachment. Question 14 1.6 / 1.6 pts According to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and reliable is referred to as anxiety. anxious attachment. avoidant attachment. basic trust. Question 15 0 / 1.6 pts If warmly supportive parents are especially likely to have children with high self-esteem, this most clearly indicates thatauthoritative parenting is more effective than authoritarian parenting. permissive parenting is more effective than authoritative parenting. children's self-esteem stimulates warmly supportive parenting. warmly supportive parenting and children's self-esteem are correlated. Question 16 1.6 / 1.6 pts Adolescents have a tendency to take risks because they have reached the peak of cognitive development. their brains are biased toward immediate rewards. they are in the postconventional stage of moral reasoning. they are in the midst of puberty. Question 17 1.6 / 1.6 pts The period of sexual maturation, during which a person usually becomes capable of reproducing, is called puberty. pruning. emerging adulthood. the formal operational stage. Question 18 1.6 / 1.6 pts According to Kohlberg, postconventional morality involves affirming self-defined ethical principles. behavior based on self-interest. strong concern for social approval. unquestioning obedience to authority figures. Question 19 0 / 1.6 pts The sense of who we are makes up our self-concept. social identity. social image. identity. Question 20 1.6 / 1.6 pts Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________. language accents; college choices dating practices; religious faith bedtime preferences; political viewsfaith; clothing preferences Question 21 0 / 1.7 pts Which of the following terms refers to the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male, female, and intersex? transgender sex gender androgyny Question 22 1.7 / 1.7 pts A gender role refers to the development of secondary sex characteristics. a person's sex. a sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female. a set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for men, women, and nonbinary people. Question 23 1.7 / 1.7 pts ________ refers to people who possess male and female biological sexual characteristics at birth. Gender typing Gender identity Gender schema Intersex Question 24 0 / 1.7 pts Our ________ organize our experiences of male-female characteristics and help us think about our gender identity. gender schemas gender roles gender expressions gender types Question 25 1.7 / 1.7 pts In contrast to sex, which is solely defined by ________ characteristics, the definition of gender involves ________ characteristics. hormonal; genetic biologically influenced; behavioral genital; chromosomal primary sex; secondary sex Question 26 1.7 / 1.7 ptsGender identity refers to our personal sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female. the set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for men and for women. a person's sex. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is. Question 27 1.7 / 1.7 pts Gender typing refers to acquiring a traditional masculine or feminine role. secondary sex characteristics. a sexual attraction toward members of the other gender. a sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female. Question 28 1.7 / 1.7 pts _______ is a diagnosis that involves clinical levels of distress associated with your gender identity. transgender androgyny cisgender gender dysphoria. Question 29 1.7 / 1.7 pts The social norm that has most clearly contributed to gender bias in the workplace is the fact that men more readily express support for others' opinions than women. men place more emphasis on achievement and power than women. men exercise a more democratic leadership style than women. men more readily apologize for being impolite than women. Question 30 0 / 1.7 pts Which of the following people is most likely to behave aggressively? Grace, who is in her late teens and has dropped out of high school Shelly, who is in her early twenties and is a college student Tom, who is in his thirties and works full time Marla, who is in her thirties and is a single parent Question 31 1.7 / 1.7 pts A person whose gender corresponds with his or her birth sex is said to be androgynous. nder. transgender. Question 32 1.7 / 1.7 pts Simona tells all her friends that Noreen lies a lot, which is not true. Her behavior best illustrates gender typing. relational aggression. prejudice. relational violence. Question 33 1.7 / 1.7 pts Priscilla insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. This best illustrates the impact of the Y chromosome. androgyny. secondary sex characteristics. gender typing. Question 34 0 / 1.7 pts Clothes, toys, books, media, and games can all be used to demonstrate a person's gender role. gender expression. gender type. gender identity. Question 35 0 / 1.7 pts Which of the following terms refers to the behavioral characteristics that people associate with boy, girl, man, and woman? schema Y chromosome gender gender role Question 36 0 / 1.7 pts In considering gender differences, you should remember that no gender difference is common to all human cultures. gender similarities are much greater than gender differences. all of these answers are true. genetic differences between the genders do not contribute to gender differences in behavior.Question 37 1.7 / 1.7 pts Those whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their sex are described as cisgender. binary. androgynous. transgender. Question 38 1.7 / 1.7 pts Those who prefer to express a blend of traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics demonstrate intersex. androgyny. heterosexuality. gender typing. Question 39 1.7 / 1.7 pts For males, the main sex hormone is ________; for females, the main sex hormones are the ________. estradiol; estrogens estradiol; testosterones testosterone; estrogens estrogen, testosterones Question 40 1.7 / 1.7 pts Males have ________ and females have ________. one X chromosome; two X chromosomes one Y chromosome; two Y chromosomes one Y chromosome; one X chromosome one X chromosome; one Y chromosome Question 41 0 / 1.7 pts The wavelength of visible light determines its length; amplitude length; intensity hue; intensity hue; wavelength Question 42 1.7 / 1.7 pts The retina's ganglion axons form the ________, which runs to the ________, where the axons pass messages to other neurons that run to the visual nerve, thalamus fovea; visual cortex fovea; thalamus optic nerve; visual cortex Question 43 0 / 1.7 pts The retina is best described as the transparent area that focuses light rays into an image on the inner surface of your eye. light-sensitive back inner surface of the eye that contains rods and cones. area where light enters the eye. area of your eye where light passes through. Question 44 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which of the following is the correct order in which the retina's neural layers process visual stimulation? ganglion cells, rods and cones, bipolar cells rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells Question 45 1.7 / 1.7 pts The current understanding of color processing is that it occurs in two stages, thus confirming Gestalt theories and dissociation theory. both Kant and Locke's views of perception. Gibson and Walk's theory and Hubel and Wiesel's theory. both the Young-Helmholtz theory and Hering's opponent-process theory. Question 46 1.7 / 1.7 pts Areas of the brain involved in memory are closest to areas of the brain responsible for our sense of hearing. smell. touch. vision. Question 47 0 / 1.7 pts Which of the following senses bypasses the brain's sensory control center, the thalamus? taste vision smellhearing Question 48 1.7 / 1.7 pts The sense of smell is known as olfaction. telepathy. the vestibular sense. transduction. Question 49 1.7 / 1.7 pts The sense of touch includes the four basic sensations of pressure, pain, warmth, and cold. pain, pressure, hot, and cold. wetness, pain, hot, and cold. pleasure, pain, warmth, and cold. Question 50 1.7 / 1.7 pts Our own natural painkillers are referred to as endorphins. glutamates. norepinephrines. GABA. Question 51 1.7 / 1.7 pts Although Adela sprained her ankle during the early speed skating trials, she is continuing to participate with minimal pain. Adela's pain was psychologically minimized by ________ and physically minimized by the brain's release of ________. distraction; nociceptors distraction; endorphins synesthesia; endorphins synesthesia; nociceptors Question 52 1.7 / 1.7 pts The theory that the spinal cord contains nerve fibers that either conduct or block pain signals is known as the volley principle. temporal theory. place theory. gate-control theory. Question 53 1.7 / 1.7 ptsReceptor cells for our sense of ________ reproduce themselves every week or two. hearing body position equilibrium taste Question 54 1.7 / 1.7 pts Another name for taste is audition. gustation. olfaction. somatosensation. Question 55 0 / 1.7 pts Sensory receptor cells that project antenna-like hairs are located within phantom limbs. taste buds. the eardrum. nociceptors. Question 56 1.7 / 1.7 pts The sense of ________ is a chemical sense. equilibrium taste pain kinesthesia Question 57 1.7 / 1.7 pts High-frequency sound waves are to ________ as low-frequency sound waves are to ________. a soft voice; a loud voice a loud voice; a soft voice a low-pitched voice; a high-pitched voice a high-pitched voice; a low-pitched voice Question 58 1.7 / 1.7 pts In the process of transforming sound waves into nerve impulses that our brain interprets, vibrations of the ________ send ripples through the fluid that is located inside the ________. hammer; inner ear oval window; cochleaanvil; eardrum middle ear; cochlea Question 59 1.7 / 1.7 pts Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause conduction hearing loss. sensorineural hearing loss. dissociation. phantom limb sensations. Question 60 1.7 / 1.7 pts Damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors is most likely to result in phantom limb sensations. conduction hearing loss. loss of the sense of balance. sensorineural hearing loss. Quiz Score: 75 out of 100Exam 3 (Chapters 6-8) Due Feb 4 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 60 Available Feb 1 at 12:01am - Feb 4 at 11:59pm Time Limit 60 Minutes Instructions:This exam consists of 60 multiple choice questions over Chapters 6-8 in the Myers and Dewall Psychology in Everyday Life textbook. You will have 60 minutes to complete the exam. You have one attempt at the exam. Score for this quiz: 95.1 out of 100. Submitted Feb 4 at 4:43pm. This attempt took 56 minutes. Question 1 0 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response is called a(n) generalized stimulus. neutral stimulus. conditioned stimulus. unconditioned stimulus. Question 2 1.6 / 1.6 pts Learning to associate two stimuli is to ________ as learning to associate one's behavior with its consequences is to ________. classical conditioning; operant conditioning generalization; discrimination operant behavior; respondent behavior shaping; reinforcement Question 3 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, the diminishing of a conditioned response is referred to as generalization. acquisition. extinction. discrimination. Question 4 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, the NS becomes a ________ after it reliably signals the upcoming appearance of the ________. CS; US CR; UR UR; CR US; CS Question 5 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, the initial stage of learning is referred to as imination. generalization. acquisition. Question 6 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that resemble the unconditioned response. respondent behavior. unconditioned stimulus. conditioned stimulus. Question 7 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n) conditioned response. neutral stimulus. unconditioned response. unconditioned stimulus. Question 8 1.6 / 1.6 pts In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that evokes no response before conditioning. an originally neutral stimulus that eventually triggers a conditioned response. a stimulus that evokes a response only when paired with a conditioned stimulus. the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response. Question 9 1.6 / 1.6 pts Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n) unconditioned stimulus. conditioned stimulus. negative reinforcer. positive reinforcer. Question 10 0 / 1.6 pts When you give your dog a treat for coming to you after you call its name, you are using a conditioned reinforcer. neutral reinforcer. negative ry reinforcer. Question 11 1.6 / 1.6 pts Jennifer has been waiting for Sam to reply to her text message. She has been checking her phone periodically for the past day. When he finally responds, she has been rewarded on which reinforcement schedule? fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio variable-interval Question 12 1.6 / 1.6 pts Whenever Sheila goes on a cruise, she parks at an offsite lot. For every four weeks she parks there, she receives one free week of parking. She is being rewarded on a ________ schedule. fixed-ratio variable-ratio variable-interval fixed-interval Question 13 1.6 / 1.6 pts Seven-year-old Barry sits quietly in class, never talking to any of his classmates or answering any of his teacher's questions. To get him to speak, his teacher first gives him a piece of candy for any sounds, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of secondary reinforcement. delayed reinforcement. shaping. spontaneous recovery. Question 14 1.6 / 1.6 pts Darren, who is given a time-out for not cleaning his room, learns to clean his room every day. In this case, the time-out is a negative reinforcer. negative punishment. positive punishment. positive reinforcer. Question 15 1.6 / 1.6 pts Nate did not come home last night by curfew, so his parents have now grounded him. This is an example of negative reinforcement. positive punishment. negative ive reinforcement. Question 16 1.6 / 1.6 pts The type of learning in which we learn from others' experiences is known as spontaneous recovery. operant conditioning. respondent behavior. observational learning. Question 17 1.6 / 1.6 pts Yogi wears a hoodie because he noticed that his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of modeling. immediate reinforcement. latent learning. prosocial behavior. Question 18 1.6 / 1.6 pts After watching online videos of Olympic figure skaters performing their routines and winning medals, 10-year-old Samia, who has never skated before, is certain she'll be able to perform similar feats immediately. This illustrates a benefit of vicarious reinforcement. the power of prosocial behavior. a limitation of observational learning. an application of modeling. Question 19 1.6 / 1.6 pts We are most likely to imitate the behavior of models if we observe that their actions are violent or antisocial. predictable. conditioned responses. followed by reinforcement. Question 20 1.6 / 1.6 pts Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate antisocial behavior. latent learning. prosocial behavior. respondent behavior. Question 21 1.7 / 1.7 ptsThe process of encoding refers to getting information into memory. the recall of information previously learned. the persistence of learning over time. a momentary sensory memory lasting less than a second. Question 22 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which of the following statements is true regarding memory storage? The brain distributes memory components across a network of locations. The brain stores memories in only the hippocampus and frontal lobes. The brain has limited storage capacity for memory. The brain stores memories in a single location. Question 23 1.7 / 1.7 pts Mayra is hiking through the woods. She sees the squirrels playing, hears the birds singing, and feels the wet ground beneath her feet. These are examples of information entering her working memory. short-term memory. sensory memory. long-term memory. Question 24 1.7 / 1.7 pts Stephanie, a second-year university student, is taking her first course in Psychology. Her grades on vocabulary tests are better if she studies for 30 minutes each day for 2 weeks than if she crams for 4 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as the spacing effect. automatic processing. chunking. state-dependent memory. Question 25 1.7 / 1.7 pts Mnemonics are memory aids that distribute practice to yield better long-term retention. divide information into smaller and smaller units. mostly use vivid imagery and organizational devices. organize items into familiar, manageable units. Question 26 1.7 / 1.7 ptsMateo is watching a movie in which two brothers are constantly fighting. The movie scenes lead Mateo to recall instances in which his brother picked a fight with him. The effect of the movie on Mateo's recall provides an example of implicit memory. memory consolidation. priming. the serial position effect. Question 27 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness? recognition relearning rehearsal recall Question 28 1.7 / 1.7 pts Sherry is driving to the local grocery store. As she drives, her brain is taking in information from her various senses at the same time to ensure that she can safely make her way to the grocery store. This demonstrates short-term memory. working memory. long-term memory. parallel processing. Question 29 1.7 / 1.7 pts Proactive interference refers to the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information. blocking of painful memories from conscious awareness. disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event. Question 30 1.7 / 1.7 pts Long-term memory refers to the relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system. the conscious active processing of incoming visual and auditory information. the retention of learned facts rather than learned skills. a photographic or picture-image sensory memory. Question 31 1.7 / 1.7 pts A retrieval problem that is caused by not having enough information to access it is referred to asretroactive interference. storage decay. proactive interference. tip-of-the-tongue forgetting. Question 32 1.7 / 1.7 pts Students who repeatedly rehearse their instructor's lectures and text material will form lasting memories of course information thanks to the neural process of positive transfer. classical conditioning. LTP. priming. Question 33 1.7 / 1.7 pts An inability to remember information from our past is known as storage decay. proactive interference. anterograde amnesia. retrograde amnesia. Question 34 1.7 / 1.7 pts Peter vividly remembers how he felt and what he was doing when he heard that his wife had been killed in a car accident. This best illustrates ________ memory. nondeclarative flashbulb echoic implicit Question 35 1.7 / 1.7 pts Our ability to retain information in short-term memory for a few seconds along with our ability to link information with stored memories is the job of short-term memory's processing manager, called implicit memory. working memory. iconic memory. explicit memory. Question 36 1.7 / 1.7 pts ________ memory is to picture-image memory as________ memory is to sound memory. Explicit; implicitEchoic; iconic Iconic; echoic Implicit; explicit Question 37 1.7 / 1.7 pts Adriana just started a new job and is trying to remember the names of all her coworkers. Which brain area is likely to be active as she tries to learn their names? hippocampus cerebellum basal ganglia frontal lobes Question 38 1.7 / 1.7 pts Some people can learn how to do something but have no conscious recall of learning the new skill. This would be an example of reconsolidation. retrograde amnesia. memory construction error. anterograde amnesia. Question 39 1.7 / 1.7 pts Wayan is an expert in geography and can easily list all the countries in Europe and point out their locations on a map. This is an example of a(n) iconic memory. semantic memory. episodic memory. echoic memory. Question 40 0 / 1.7 pts Idika was caught in a rip tide when she was 12 years old. Since then, she has been very careful about wading into the ocean. Idika's classically conditioned response to the ocean is an example of an explicit memory. an implicit memory. declarative memory. sensory memory. Question 41 1.7 / 1.7 pts Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's ability to use different brain regions for storing memories. accumulated ty to reason speedily and abstractly. ability to engage in factor analysis. Question 42 1.7 / 1.7 pts Professor Gonzalez is attending a conference in his discipline where he will present his research. This utilizes his emotional intelligence. spatial intelligence. crystallized intelligence. fluid intelligence. Question 43 1.7 / 1.7 pts The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is a culturally constructed concept. depends on the speed of cognitive processing. is a diverse set of distinct abilities. is largely unpredictable and unmeasurable. Question 44 1.7 / 1.7 pts Those who are socially aware and know what to say to soothe a grieving friend or to encourage a struggling workmate most clearly demonstrate emotional intelligence. creative intelligence. existential intelligence. fluid intelligence. Question 45 1.7 / 1.7 pts The heritability of intelligence refers to the extent to which an individual's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors. the proportion of variation in intelligence among a group of people that is attributable to genes. a general underlying intelligence factor that is measured by every task on an intelligence test. the extent to which the intelligence test scores of a large group indicate an average IQ of 100. Question 46 1.7 / 1.7 pts Aptitude tests are to ________ as achievement tests are to ________. past competence; current interests current competence; future performance future performance; current competence current interests; past competenceQuestion 47 1.7 / 1.7 pts Dr. Beddu assesses the consistency of scores obtained on alternative forms of her aptitude test. She is checking the ________ of her new test. reliability predictive validity stability standardization Question 48 1.7 / 1.7 pts Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test. standardization predictive validity reliability normal distribution Question 49 1.7 / 1.7 pts The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called a standardization sample. factor analysis. a normal curve. a reliability coefficient. Question 50 1.7 / 1.7 pts Gustavo is 16 months old and says "Doggy!" every time he sees his family's dog sitting on the couch. It seems as though he actually means "Look at the doggy!" Gustavo is in the ________ stage of language development. one-word two-word babbling telegraphic speech Question 51 1.7 / 1.7 pts The system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others is called grammar. convergent thinking. an algorithm. telegraphic speech. Question 52 1.7 / 1.7 ptsBertha, who is 2 years old, speaks mostly in nouns and verbs, such as "Get milk." Bertha is in the ________ stage of language development. one-word telegraphic speech two-word babbling Question 53 1.7 / 1.7 pts Language refers to the spoken, written, or signed words, and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning. rules by which we derive meaning from speech sounds. rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. total set of distinctive consonant and vowel sounds. Question 54 1.7 / 1.7 pts Metacognition is defined as the best example of a category. thinking about thinking. a strategy-based solution. a simple thinking strategy. Question 55 1.7 / 1.7 pts The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to judge the likelihood of events on the basis of how well they match a particular prototype. judge the likelihood of events on the basis of how easily we can remember examples of them. search for information that supports our preconceptions. overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. Question 56 1.7 / 1.7 pts Lucinda overestimates the number of times she has vacuumed the rugs because it's easier for her to remember what she has done than to remember what her husband has done. This best illustrates the impact of confirmation bias. framing. overconfidence. the availability heuristic. Question 57 1.7 / 1.7 pts The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called a ng. a fixation divergent thinking. Question 58 1.7 / 1.7 pts Travis believes that older people commit more crime than young adults do. When presented with data on crime prevalence rates between the two groups, he sees that young adults actually commit more crime than older people. However, Travis dismisses the evidence as untrustworthy. This illustrates overconfidence. framing. the availability heuristic. belief perseverance. Question 59 1.7 / 1.7 pts At the beginning of the week, the meteorologist forecast a 15 percent chance of very cold weather, so Tawanda wore her heavy jacket to work. At the end of the week, he reported an 85 percent chance that it would not be so cold, so Tawanda wore a lighter jacket. Tawanda's behavior illustrates the effect of overconfidence. the availability heuristic. confirmation bias. framing. Question 60 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which cognitive process and strategy closes our mind to new ideas? belief perseverance intuition overconfidence framing Quiz Score: 95.1 out of 100.Exam 4 (Chapters 9-11) Due Feb 18 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 60 Available Feb 15 at 12:01am - Feb 18 at 11:59pm Time Limit 60 Minutes Instructions: This exam consists of 60 multiple choice questions over Chapters 9-11 in the Myers and Dewall Psychology in Everyday Life textbook. You will have 60 minutes to complete the exam. You have one attempt at the exam. Score for this quiz: 91.5 out of 100. Submitted Feb 18 at 4:53pm. This attempt took 59 minutes. Question 1 1.6 / 1.6 pts Dalton has a strong, internal desire to get an A in his geology course. He is experiencing motivation. homeostasis. a safety need. a physiological need. Question 2 1.6 / 1.6 pts Antonio uses the treadmill at his local gym for his daily exercise. Today, however, they have turned the air conditioning up so high that he is too cold to walk. He decides to go outside and walk in the warm sunshine. Which theory most clearly explains Antonio's behavior by emphasizing the importance of homeostasis in motivation? arousal theory hierarchy of needs theory drive-reduction theory two-factor theory Question 3 1.6 / 1.6 pts Darzen is playing the leading character in the annual school play. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, his acting is likely to be ________ if his physiological arousal during the performance is ________. best; moderate best; very high worst; moderate best; very low Question 41.6 / 1.6 pts An aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need is called homeostasis. a need. a drive. an incentive. Question 5 1.6 / 1.6 pts On the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, one would be LEAST likely to predict that a teacher with high self-esteem might seek a career change to use their abilities more fully. starving person might rob a store to obtain food. successful business executive might show greater concern for his or her family relationships than for becoming president of his corporation. prisoner might choose to die rather than betray his or her country. Question 6 1.6 / 1.6 pts The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for religious fulfillment. self-esteem. love and friendship. food and water. Question 7 1.6 / 1.6 pts Rahul earns a good living, providing him with adequate food and shelter. But, there is a hole in his life, which can only be filled by a loving relationship. According to Maslow, Rahul is now motivated by self-actualization needs. esteem needs. belongingness and love y needs. Question 8 1.6 / 1.6 pts Trinity, who is a financial advisor, is motivated to be the best in her chosen field. According to Maslow, Trinity is motivated by safety needs. esteem needs. belongingness and love needs. self-actualization needs. Question 9 1.6 / 1.6 pts Abigail, who is a doctor, has been frequently complemented by her patients for her expertise and thoughtfulness. As a result, Abigail feels a sense of achievement and competence. According to Maslow, Abigail is motivated by belongingness needs. self-transcendence needs. self-actualization needs. self-esteem needs. Question 10 1.6 / 1.6 pts Gulustan has been invited to dinner with friends, but she already ate. While she doesn't feel hungry, she decides to go with her friends anyway. At the restaurant, as her friends are ordering food, Gulustan decides to order food also. In this example, Gulustan is eating as a result of evolutionary forces. drives. instincts. incentives. Question 11 1.6 / 1.6 ptsAccording to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________. emotion-arousing events; physical arousal cognitive appraisal; physical arousal physical arousal; overt behavior facial expressions; cognitive appraisal Question 12 1.6 / 1.6 pts Richard Lazarus' theory regarding emotion states that cognitive appraisal, sometimes without our awareness, defines emotion. our experience of emotion depends on general arousal and a conscious cognitive label. emotions arise from our awareness of our specific bodily responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal. Question 13 1.6 / 1.6 pts The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to two-factor theory. cognitive appraisal. the James-Lange theory. the Cannon-Bard theory. Question 14 1.6 / 1.6 pts When Wang Lei first tried hang gliding, he looked at the height of the hill and became aware of his high level of physiological arousal. Suddenly he felt frightened. The sequence of events in Wang Lei's emotional experience reflects the two-factor theory. the James-Lange theory. cognitive appraisal. the Cannon-Bard theory.Question 15 1.6 / 1.6 pts Dr. Amaro believes that emotion has two ingredients: physiological arousal and the cognitive appraisal that we apply to explain the arousal. Dr. Amaro's view is most consistent with the ________ theory of emotion. James–Lange Cannon-Bard Schachter-Singer facial feedback Question 16 1.6 / 1.6 pts One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is greed. surprise. selfishness. love. Question 17 1.6 / 1.6 pts The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompanies different emotions. conscious experiences subjective well-being physiological arousal expressive behaviors Question 18 1.6 / 1.6 pts Leanne is sitting in a dark theater waiting for the movie to begin when she feels a tap on her shoulder (her friend). Leanne's sympathetic nervous system triggers her liver to pour extra glucose into her bloodstream, which provides energy. This reaction is part of what is known as the fight-or-flight isal. the spillover effect. reappraisal. Question 19 1.6 / 1.6 pts The machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies, which measures some bodily responses that accompany emotion, is called a(n) electroencephalograph. myograph. electrocardiograph. polygraph. Question 20 1.6 / 1.6 pts The police officer is administering a lie detector test to Mortimer, who is a person of interest in a home invasion. The machine used in this test is most likely to measure his perspiration levels. hormone secretions. pupil dilation. blood sugar levels. Question 21 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which of the following takes place during the alarm reaction of the GAS? Your adrenal glands pump stress hormones into your bloodstream and you are fully engaged in the current threat. Your sympathetic nervous system suddenly activates, causing your heart rate to increase and your blood to race to your skeletal muscles. You provide support to other people and bond with others and seek support from them. You become vulnerable to illness, collapse, and death. Question 221.7 / 1.7 pts Which of the following is a stress-management technique that counteracts depression by increasing arousal and increasing the brain's serotonin activity? aerobic exercise mindfulness meditation relaxation the faith factor Question 23 1.7 / 1.7 pts Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods is known as coping. control. meditation. learned helplessness. IncorrectQuestion 24 0 / 1.7 pts Although all her friends did well on their history exam, Jezebel received a C. Instead of feeling bad or sad, Jezebel decides that she will study more and do better on the next exam. Jezebel is demonstrating an external locus of control. emotion regulation. optimism. social support. Question 25 1.7 / 1.7 pts Ranson believes that he will be promoted to a better position at work if he goes above and beyond his job requirements. His belief most clearly illustrates emotion-focused coping. an internal locus of control. the faith factor.a Type B personality. Question 26 1.7 / 1.7 pts The correlation between religious involvement and life expectancy best illustrates the health value of the adaptation-level phenomenon. the faith factor. a Type A personality. an external locus of control. IncorrectQuestion 27 0 / 1.7 pts People who expect things to go well and who expect more control over their life illustrate problem-focused coping. optimism. emotion-focused coping. an internal locus of control. Question 28 1.7 / 1.7 pts Stressors fall into specific categories, which are approach and avoidance situations. Type A and Type B. an alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles. Question 29 1.7 / 1.7 pts A sense that one can exert an influence on their environment is called subjective well-being problem-focused ience. personal control. Question 30 1.7 / 1.7 pts Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor because we believe we cannot change the situation is known as emotion-focused coping. mindfulness meditation. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. problem-focused coping. IncorrectQuestion 31 0 / 1.7 pts Nicole has just received a diagnosis of breast cancer. Her doctor has provided two options for treatment, both of which will be painful, but Nicole has to decide between surgery and chemotherapy. Nicole is experiencing a(n) approach-approach conflict. tend-and-befriend response. avoidance-avoidance conflict. approach-avoidance conflict. Question 32 1.7 / 1.7 pts The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are adrenal release, cognitive appraisal, and self-control. attention, comprehension, and resistance. alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. reactive frustration, sympathetic arousal, and parasympathetic inhibition. Question 33 1.7 / 1.7 ptsThe emotional bonding and mutual support that people who survive a tornado provide to one another best illustrates the tend-and-befriend response. the general adaptation syndrome. an internal locus of control an external locus of control. Question 34 1.7 / 1.7 pts Attempting to reduce stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor is known as the adaptation-level phenomenon. mindfulness meditation. problem-focused coping. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. Question 35 1.7 / 1.7 pts Saul Goldberg was arrested by the German police and sent to a Nazi concentration camp. His treatment was so horrendous that he gave up all hope of surviving; he became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Saul Goldberg's reaction most clearly illustrates the adaptation-level phenomenon. learned helplessness. an internal locus of control. the faith factor. Question 36 1.7 / 1.7 pts Being able to delay immediate gratification and control our impulses for greater long-term rewards best illustrates self-control. the faith factor. the adaptation-level phenomenon. an external locus of control.Question 37 1.7 / 1.7 pts Damien leads a fairly stress-free life because he expects everything to work out the way he wants it to. This best illustrates the value of a Type A personality. the adaptation-level phenomenon. an external locus of control. optimism. Question 38 1.7 / 1.7 pts Günter manages his emotions by containing his feelings, in other words, he ________ his feelings. Jürgen thinks about emotional situations in a more neutral way; in other words, he uses ________ to dampen emotional negativity. is pessimistic about; social support focuses on; personal control adapts to; resistance suppresses; cognitive reappraisal Question 39 1.7 / 1.7 pts Phoebe engages in mindfulness meditation regularly. Which of the following is something she should NOT expect? decreased intelligence increased helpfulness improved sleep better immune system functioning Question 40 1.7 / 1.7 pts Which of the following is NOT true regarding social support and stress? Social support is associated with increased negativity.Social support calms us and reduces blood pressure and stress hormones. Close relationships provide an opportunity to confide painful feelings. Social support fosters stronger immune functioning. Question 41 1.7 / 1.7 pts Paloma, who averages five baskets in a game for her basketball team, did not score any baskets in today's game. The other players believe that she was "slacking off," but in reality she was playing despite an injury. Paloma's teammates have committed the fundamental attribution error. cognitive dissonance. an attitude. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. Question 42 1.7 / 1.7 pts Attitudes are especially likely to affect behavior when the person has not publicly stated those attitudes. external influences on behavior are minimal. the attitudes differ from most other people's opinions. the attitudes are implicit rather than explicit. Question 43 1.7 / 1.7 pts The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by the destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments. the connection of like-minded individuals online. the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese just outside her New York apartment. President John F. Kennedy's ill-fated decision to invade Cuba. Question 441.7 / 1.7 pts Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another? personality psychology clinical psychology social psychology developmental psychology Question 45 1.7 / 1.7 pts Attitudes are defined as personality attributions. roles that we play in unfamiliar situations. feelings, often based on our beliefs, that influence our responses. situational attributions. Question 46 1.7 / 1.7 pts Madison has very strong opinions about increases in textbook prices. However, when Madison becomes a sales rep for a textbook publisher, she develops a more favorable attitude about the price increases. Which theory best explains why? cognitive dissonance theory two-factor theory role-playing theory attribution theory Question 47 1.7 / 1.7 pts A mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates social loafing. deindividuation. group think. Question 48 1.7 / 1.7 pts Peripheral route persuasion involves being influenced by unimportant cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. the tendency, when analyzing others' behavior, to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation. the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. offering evidence and arguments in hopes of motivating careful thinking. Question 49 1.7 / 1.7 pts Nicole lives in a loose culture. It is therefore likely that Nicole considers it ________ to jaywalk, display affection in public, and arrive slightly late to an event. socially unacceptable socially variable socially permissible socially normative Question 50 1.7 / 1.7 pts After a close-scoring football game in which the local team loses by a field goal, fans are so upset that they run on the field and start tearing down the goal post. This behavior is best understood in terms of social facilitation. deindividuation. groupthink. group polarization. IncorrectQuestion 51 0 / 1.7 ptsRahima writes on social media that she agrees with her friends that teenagers should be allowed to vape. Later that day, she tells her parents that she thinks that vaping is dangerous for teenagers. Rahima's public conformity to her friends' opinion best illustrates the power of social facilitation. informational social influence. deindividuation. normative social influence. Question 52 1.7 / 1.7 pts Camila was an avid believer in astrology until she saw a documentary demonstrating that it is not a real science and heard her psychology professor refute the claims made by astrologers. This evidence persuaded her to adopt the views of her professor and the documentary. This change of opinion demonstrates the impact of informational social influence. normative social influence. cognitive dissonance. social facilitation. Question 53 1.7 / 1.7 pts According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that people are naturally predisposed to be hostile and aggressive. the desire to be accepted by others is one of the strongest human motives. people value their personal freedom and react negatively when they feel they are being coerced to do something. even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction. Question 54 1.7 / 1.7 pts Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines only when members of the group were friends prior to the experiment. even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect. even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its when the group was composed of at least six members. Question 55 1.7 / 1.7 pts Adelin is an expert gymnast. When practicing at the local gym, her performance improves significantly as soon as people start watching her. Adelin's improved performance illustrates deindividuation. social facilitation. group polarization. groupthink. Question 56 1.7 / 1.7 pts Miles, Claire, Joshua, Leah, and Ruby are working on a group project for their sociology class. They will all receive the same grade for the project. While Joshua, Leah, and Ruby are making every effort to prepare a top-notch project, Miles and Claire are doing very little work. Which aspect of social loafing applies to Miles and Claire's lack of work? They are taking a free ride on the efforts of the other members of the group. They have overestimated the level of their effort on the project. They feel less accountable for the work. They view their contributions as dispensable. Question 57 1.7 / 1.7 pts One of the dangers of groupthink is the group's tendency to be unable to come up with a solution. come up with too many solutions to a problem. overthink all possible options. make poor decisions in order to achieve consensus. Question 58 1.7 / 1.7 pts Prejudice is a mixture of all of the following EXCEPTneural influences. stereotyped beliefs. predispositions to discriminatory actions. negative feelings. Question 59 1.7 / 1.7 pts The just-world phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. tendency to favor our own group. idea that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame for negative events. tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. IncorrectQuestion 60 0 / 1.7 pts When trying to make s