NSG 432 Exam 1 Study Material | Maternity Nursing |
Pregnancy, Labor & Fetal Monitoring Review | Verified
Guide| Latest 2026–2027 Update
DISCLAIMER: FOCUS ON THE PURPLE NOTES! These are the
things that Professor Webster said/highlighted in class. IT IS MOST
LIKELY going to be on the exam. The BLACK is the powerpoints, the
PINK is the speaker notes. The ORANGE (bottom of the document) is
exam questions.
NSG432 Exam 1 Material
TOPIC 1 MATERIAL
Topic 1: Introduction to the Childbearing Family
NSG 432 –Introduction to the Childbearing Family
Family-centered care (maternal nursing is family-centered care, you always want to include the
family, and be inclusive of their culture. Accommodate your care depending on their culture.
Know yourself before taking care of others)
• Maternity Nursing
• Perinatal describes all stages of pregnancy, birth, and the first 6 weeks after birth
• Preconception counseling related to planning
• Prenatal- antepartum
• Labor and birth- intrapartum
• First six weeks after birth- birth postpartum
• Nurse-midwives and nurses care for childbearing families during labor in hospitals and
birthing centers
• Nursing care for women has helped make the healthcare system more responsive to
women’s needs
• care of childbearing women and their families.
• Pregnancy, childbirth first 6 weeks after birth.
• include preconception importance of counseling related to pregnancy
• They have been critically important in developing strategies to improve the well-being of
women, their families, and their infants and have led the efforts to implement clinical
practice guidelines and to practice using an evidence-based approach.
, • Nurses have a voice in setting standards and influencing health policy by actively
participating in the education of the public and state and federal legislators.
Efforts to Reduce Disparities
• AHCCCS- Arizona health care cost containment system (Arizona Medicaid agency that
offers health care programs to serve Arizona residents)
• Doctors do not like to take in patients with AHCCCS because they do not pay as much.
They pay their services at a low rate.
• A patient has 18 years to sue if they would like
• Free-standing birth centers [in Arizona]- run by midwives. Mainly deal with low-risk
pregnancies and births
• Lay midwives- deliver based on experience. They didn’t go to school; they don’t have a
license (which is why they are more likely to perform a home birth because they do not
have a license to lose) - just experience. It’s a personal choice for the patients. They are
the ones that do home births.
• There has been an increase in home deliveries. What is the problem here?
• A lot can go wrong when delivering at home. There are success stories, but childbirth is a
sensitive thing, with lots of room for infection and harm to both the mom and the baby.
• CERTIFIED midwives can provide care at a lower cost- prenatal care, delivery, and
postpartum.
• Nurse practitioners can take care of prenatal care and postpartum care- BUT THEY DO
NOT DO DELIVERIES
• LDRP (labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum) room
• AWHONN- association of Women’s health obstetrics and neonatal nurses; provide
guidelines on how those nurses should practice.
• ACOG- American College of obstetrician and gynecologist- provides recommendations on
how OB-GYN doctors should practice
• HRSA- health resources and service administration
• NPA- national partnership for Action
• IHI- institute for Healthcare Improvement
• NIH- National intuition of Health
• HRSA
• NIH
• National Institute of nursing research
• CDC
• USDHHS
• HRSA Goals Health Resources and Services Administration Health Disparities
Collaboratives part of national effort to eliminate disparities and improve delivery
systems of health care for all in the US who are cared for in HRSA centers.
• NIH-committed to improve health of minorities
, • National Institute of Nursing Research strategic plan support of research that promotes
health equity and eliminates health disparities.
• CDC reports include recent trends in health disparities and provides data to measure
progress in eliminating disparities.
• USDHHS vision of a nation free of disparities in health and health care.
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Maternal-
Infantand-Child-Health
Problems - U.S. Healthcare System
• Reduction of medical errors
• High cost of health care
• Limited access to care
• Health care reform
• Trends in fertility and birth rate
• Integrative health care-complementary and alternative therapies combined with
Western modalities. Acupuncture herbal, yoga, etc.
• Problems with US health care-fragmented and expensive and is inaccessible to many.
Vulnerable Populations
• Women
• Racial and ethnic minorities
• Adolescent girls
• Older women
• Incarcerate women
• Immigrant and refuges
• Homeless
• Rural versus urban
• Women-women make-up about 51% of the US population that is largely at risk for
health.
• Racial and ethnic minorities-minority women – social, economic, and cultural barriers.
They have a disproportionate burden of disease, disability, and premature death. Higher
infant and maternal mortality are higher in the Hispanic and African-American
population and some native and Alaskan native communities. Increased rates of PTL,
PIH, IUGR and SGA.
• Adolescent girls- concern for becoming pregnant yet have unprotected sex. Misinformed
about STD’s, HIV. Education to this group is key to help make informed decisions.
• Older women-longer life expectancy. Chronic illness, less likely to use preventative
services and spend more on health care.
, • Incarcerated women -high number of non-Hispanic black women. Generally report
sexual and physical abuse. Lifestyle choices of this group include risky sexual relations,
illicit drug use, and smoking. These place at high-risk for HIV, AIDS, STD’s, etc.
• Immigrant and refugee-challenged with not being able to easily access health care
because they are not citizens. They often do not seek medical care for fear of
deportation. Refugees are more than likely to live in poverty than are immigrants.
• Migrant women-many problems; Frequent moves, financial instability, lack of education,
language and culture barriers, poor housing, limited access to health care, etc. Poor
dental health, diabetes, HTN, TB, skin diseases, and parasitic infections. Primary health
care services are provided by several migrant health centers. Routine PNC as well as
screening and Rx for HTN and diabetes is provided.
• Rural and urban-rural residents are older, less educated and in poorer health compared
with urban counterparts. Rural women are vulnerable to financial and transportation
barriers. Rural women have less access to PNC which contributes to higher rates of
adverse pregnancy outcomes. Increased rate of PTB, LBW and infant mortality.
• Homeless Increasing numbers of women and children, Violent relationships, Substance
abuse
• Mental illness
• Health problems – chronic illness, infectious diseases, asthma, circulatory problems,
diabetes, substance abuse, mental illness
• Pregnancy and homelessness
• TOLAC- trial of labor after C-section. (with TOLAC, a patient needs to sign two consents,
patient education; about the risks of a vaginal birth, and a possible C/S consent form)
• If the client can have a vaginal birth after having a C-section with the first child, the
term transforms to VBAC- vaginal birth after cesarean.
• C/S: 4 days recovery
• Vaginal: 2 days
• CPD- cephalopelvic disproportion- this type of patient needs to always be delivered via
C/S because of the shape of the mother’s pelvis.
HP 2030 Goals (healthy people, a program that promotes health throughout the nation, every
10 years)
1. Attain healthy,thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury,
and premature death
2. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve
health and well-being for all.
3. Creating social, physical and economic environments that promote attaining full
potential for health and well-being for all.
4. Promote healthy development ,healthy behaviors and well being across all life stages .
5. Engage leadership key constituents and the public across multiple sectors to tke action
and design policies that improve the health and well being of all p. 3-9
Pregnancy, Labor & Fetal Monitoring Review | Verified
Guide| Latest 2026–2027 Update
DISCLAIMER: FOCUS ON THE PURPLE NOTES! These are the
things that Professor Webster said/highlighted in class. IT IS MOST
LIKELY going to be on the exam. The BLACK is the powerpoints, the
PINK is the speaker notes. The ORANGE (bottom of the document) is
exam questions.
NSG432 Exam 1 Material
TOPIC 1 MATERIAL
Topic 1: Introduction to the Childbearing Family
NSG 432 –Introduction to the Childbearing Family
Family-centered care (maternal nursing is family-centered care, you always want to include the
family, and be inclusive of their culture. Accommodate your care depending on their culture.
Know yourself before taking care of others)
• Maternity Nursing
• Perinatal describes all stages of pregnancy, birth, and the first 6 weeks after birth
• Preconception counseling related to planning
• Prenatal- antepartum
• Labor and birth- intrapartum
• First six weeks after birth- birth postpartum
• Nurse-midwives and nurses care for childbearing families during labor in hospitals and
birthing centers
• Nursing care for women has helped make the healthcare system more responsive to
women’s needs
• care of childbearing women and their families.
• Pregnancy, childbirth first 6 weeks after birth.
• include preconception importance of counseling related to pregnancy
• They have been critically important in developing strategies to improve the well-being of
women, their families, and their infants and have led the efforts to implement clinical
practice guidelines and to practice using an evidence-based approach.
, • Nurses have a voice in setting standards and influencing health policy by actively
participating in the education of the public and state and federal legislators.
Efforts to Reduce Disparities
• AHCCCS- Arizona health care cost containment system (Arizona Medicaid agency that
offers health care programs to serve Arizona residents)
• Doctors do not like to take in patients with AHCCCS because they do not pay as much.
They pay their services at a low rate.
• A patient has 18 years to sue if they would like
• Free-standing birth centers [in Arizona]- run by midwives. Mainly deal with low-risk
pregnancies and births
• Lay midwives- deliver based on experience. They didn’t go to school; they don’t have a
license (which is why they are more likely to perform a home birth because they do not
have a license to lose) - just experience. It’s a personal choice for the patients. They are
the ones that do home births.
• There has been an increase in home deliveries. What is the problem here?
• A lot can go wrong when delivering at home. There are success stories, but childbirth is a
sensitive thing, with lots of room for infection and harm to both the mom and the baby.
• CERTIFIED midwives can provide care at a lower cost- prenatal care, delivery, and
postpartum.
• Nurse practitioners can take care of prenatal care and postpartum care- BUT THEY DO
NOT DO DELIVERIES
• LDRP (labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum) room
• AWHONN- association of Women’s health obstetrics and neonatal nurses; provide
guidelines on how those nurses should practice.
• ACOG- American College of obstetrician and gynecologist- provides recommendations on
how OB-GYN doctors should practice
• HRSA- health resources and service administration
• NPA- national partnership for Action
• IHI- institute for Healthcare Improvement
• NIH- National intuition of Health
• HRSA
• NIH
• National Institute of nursing research
• CDC
• USDHHS
• HRSA Goals Health Resources and Services Administration Health Disparities
Collaboratives part of national effort to eliminate disparities and improve delivery
systems of health care for all in the US who are cared for in HRSA centers.
• NIH-committed to improve health of minorities
, • National Institute of Nursing Research strategic plan support of research that promotes
health equity and eliminates health disparities.
• CDC reports include recent trends in health disparities and provides data to measure
progress in eliminating disparities.
• USDHHS vision of a nation free of disparities in health and health care.
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Maternal-
Infantand-Child-Health
Problems - U.S. Healthcare System
• Reduction of medical errors
• High cost of health care
• Limited access to care
• Health care reform
• Trends in fertility and birth rate
• Integrative health care-complementary and alternative therapies combined with
Western modalities. Acupuncture herbal, yoga, etc.
• Problems with US health care-fragmented and expensive and is inaccessible to many.
Vulnerable Populations
• Women
• Racial and ethnic minorities
• Adolescent girls
• Older women
• Incarcerate women
• Immigrant and refuges
• Homeless
• Rural versus urban
• Women-women make-up about 51% of the US population that is largely at risk for
health.
• Racial and ethnic minorities-minority women – social, economic, and cultural barriers.
They have a disproportionate burden of disease, disability, and premature death. Higher
infant and maternal mortality are higher in the Hispanic and African-American
population and some native and Alaskan native communities. Increased rates of PTL,
PIH, IUGR and SGA.
• Adolescent girls- concern for becoming pregnant yet have unprotected sex. Misinformed
about STD’s, HIV. Education to this group is key to help make informed decisions.
• Older women-longer life expectancy. Chronic illness, less likely to use preventative
services and spend more on health care.
, • Incarcerated women -high number of non-Hispanic black women. Generally report
sexual and physical abuse. Lifestyle choices of this group include risky sexual relations,
illicit drug use, and smoking. These place at high-risk for HIV, AIDS, STD’s, etc.
• Immigrant and refugee-challenged with not being able to easily access health care
because they are not citizens. They often do not seek medical care for fear of
deportation. Refugees are more than likely to live in poverty than are immigrants.
• Migrant women-many problems; Frequent moves, financial instability, lack of education,
language and culture barriers, poor housing, limited access to health care, etc. Poor
dental health, diabetes, HTN, TB, skin diseases, and parasitic infections. Primary health
care services are provided by several migrant health centers. Routine PNC as well as
screening and Rx for HTN and diabetes is provided.
• Rural and urban-rural residents are older, less educated and in poorer health compared
with urban counterparts. Rural women are vulnerable to financial and transportation
barriers. Rural women have less access to PNC which contributes to higher rates of
adverse pregnancy outcomes. Increased rate of PTB, LBW and infant mortality.
• Homeless Increasing numbers of women and children, Violent relationships, Substance
abuse
• Mental illness
• Health problems – chronic illness, infectious diseases, asthma, circulatory problems,
diabetes, substance abuse, mental illness
• Pregnancy and homelessness
• TOLAC- trial of labor after C-section. (with TOLAC, a patient needs to sign two consents,
patient education; about the risks of a vaginal birth, and a possible C/S consent form)
• If the client can have a vaginal birth after having a C-section with the first child, the
term transforms to VBAC- vaginal birth after cesarean.
• C/S: 4 days recovery
• Vaginal: 2 days
• CPD- cephalopelvic disproportion- this type of patient needs to always be delivered via
C/S because of the shape of the mother’s pelvis.
HP 2030 Goals (healthy people, a program that promotes health throughout the nation, every
10 years)
1. Attain healthy,thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury,
and premature death
2. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve
health and well-being for all.
3. Creating social, physical and economic environments that promote attaining full
potential for health and well-being for all.
4. Promote healthy development ,healthy behaviors and well being across all life stages .
5. Engage leadership key constituents and the public across multiple sectors to tke action
and design policies that improve the health and well being of all p. 3-9
