Comprehensive Medical-Surgical Nursing
Review: Respiratory, Cardiac, Endocrine, and
Inflammatory Disorders Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
What is the pathophysiology of asthma? - Correct answer-Asthma is a chronic disease
characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and sensitivity to triggers.
What are common triggers for asthma? - Correct answer-Triggers include smoking, allergens,
cold weather, seasonal allergies, pets, and exercise.
What symptoms may indicate an asthma attack? - Correct answer-Symptoms include shortness
of breath (SOB), chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, increased mucus production, and use of
accessory muscles.
What does a green zone indicate in asthma management? - Correct answer-The green zone
indicates well-controlled asthma, where the patient is taking inhalers as prescribed.
What should be done in the yellow zone of asthma management? - Correct answer-In the yellow
zone, the patient should be proactive and may need to use albuterol or steroids.
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,What does the red zone indicate in asthma management? - Correct answer-The red zone
indicates a need for hospitalization due to severe symptoms.
What are the first-line medications for asthma? - Correct answer-First-line medications include
bronchodilators (short-acting beta 2 agonists like albuterol) and corticosteroids.
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Pulmonary embolism
occurs when a blood clot blocks pulmonary blood flow, preventing gas exchange.
What are common risk factors for pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Risk factors include
deep vein thrombosis (DVT), atrial fibrillation (A-fib), and decreased blood flow.
What are the key assessment findings in pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Key findings
include dyspnea, chest pain, cough with hemoptysis, tachycardia, and signs of hypoxemia.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-The gold
standard is pulmonary angiography.
What medications are used to treat pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Medications include
anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs.
What is the pathophysiology of COPD? - Correct answer-COPD includes emphysema and
chronic bronchitis, leading to airflow obstruction and impaired gas exchange.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What are the main causes of COPD? - Correct answer-The primary cause of COPD is smoking,
along with occupational exposures and age.
What are common assessment findings in COPD? - Correct answer-Findings include dyspnea,
wheezing, barrel chest, cyanosis, and clubbing.
What is the primary nursing intervention for COPD? - Correct answer-Airway management is
the most important nursing intervention.
What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia? - Correct answer-Pneumonia occurs when fluid
traps in the lungs, often due to infection that the immune system cannot overcome.
What are common risk factors for pneumonia? - Correct answer-Risk factors include aspiration,
older age, unvaccinated status, and exposure to respiratory infections.
What are key assessment findings in pneumonia? - Correct answer-Findings include chest pain,
cough, fever, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for pneumonia? - Correct answer-The first priority is to
sit the patient upright to avoid airway obstruction.
What is the pathophysiology of anemia? - Correct answer-Anemia is characterized by a
decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cells.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Review: Respiratory, Cardiac, Endocrine, and
Inflammatory Disorders Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers Graded A+
What is the pathophysiology of asthma? - Correct answer-Asthma is a chronic disease
characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and sensitivity to triggers.
What are common triggers for asthma? - Correct answer-Triggers include smoking, allergens,
cold weather, seasonal allergies, pets, and exercise.
What symptoms may indicate an asthma attack? - Correct answer-Symptoms include shortness
of breath (SOB), chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, increased mucus production, and use of
accessory muscles.
What does a green zone indicate in asthma management? - Correct answer-The green zone
indicates well-controlled asthma, where the patient is taking inhalers as prescribed.
What should be done in the yellow zone of asthma management? - Correct answer-In the yellow
zone, the patient should be proactive and may need to use albuterol or steroids.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What does the red zone indicate in asthma management? - Correct answer-The red zone
indicates a need for hospitalization due to severe symptoms.
What are the first-line medications for asthma? - Correct answer-First-line medications include
bronchodilators (short-acting beta 2 agonists like albuterol) and corticosteroids.
What is the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Pulmonary embolism
occurs when a blood clot blocks pulmonary blood flow, preventing gas exchange.
What are common risk factors for pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Risk factors include
deep vein thrombosis (DVT), atrial fibrillation (A-fib), and decreased blood flow.
What are the key assessment findings in pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Key findings
include dyspnea, chest pain, cough with hemoptysis, tachycardia, and signs of hypoxemia.
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-The gold
standard is pulmonary angiography.
What medications are used to treat pulmonary embolism? - Correct answer-Medications include
anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin, and fibrinolytic drugs.
What is the pathophysiology of COPD? - Correct answer-COPD includes emphysema and
chronic bronchitis, leading to airflow obstruction and impaired gas exchange.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, What are the main causes of COPD? - Correct answer-The primary cause of COPD is smoking,
along with occupational exposures and age.
What are common assessment findings in COPD? - Correct answer-Findings include dyspnea,
wheezing, barrel chest, cyanosis, and clubbing.
What is the primary nursing intervention for COPD? - Correct answer-Airway management is
the most important nursing intervention.
What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia? - Correct answer-Pneumonia occurs when fluid
traps in the lungs, often due to infection that the immune system cannot overcome.
What are common risk factors for pneumonia? - Correct answer-Risk factors include aspiration,
older age, unvaccinated status, and exposure to respiratory infections.
What are key assessment findings in pneumonia? - Correct answer-Findings include chest pain,
cough, fever, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
What is the first priority in nursing care for pneumonia? - Correct answer-The first priority is to
sit the patient upright to avoid airway obstruction.
What is the pathophysiology of anemia? - Correct answer-Anemia is characterized by a
decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cells.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
