ATLS EXAM – Actual Questions &
Answers 100% Guarantee Pass
A carboxyhemoglobin level greater than what percentage indicates a patient was
involved in a fire and has inhalation injury? - ------------ANS: 10%
A chest xray must be obtained after attempts at inserting a subclavian or IJ to
document position of line and evaluate for pneumo or hemothorax. - ------------ANS:
do not use sodium bicarb to treat metabolic acidosis from hypovolemic shock
A clenched hand with a small electrical entrance wound should alert the clinician that
a deep soft tissue injury is likely much more extensive than is visable to the naked
eye - ------------ANS: true. patients with severe electrical injuries require
fasciotomies. Electricity can cause forced contraction of muscles, doctors need to
examine patient for skeletal and muscular damage, especially for fractures of the
spine and rhabdomyolysis
A tube placed in the trachea with the cuff inflated below the vocal cords and the tube
connected to oxygen enriched assisted ventilation and airway secured in place. -
------------ANS: definitive airway
Abuse and burns - ------------ANS: circular burns and burns with clear edges and
unique patterns may reflect cigarette burns or iron. Burns on the sole of the feet
usually suggest child was placed in hot water. A burn on the posterior aspect of the
LE and buttocks
Acute respiratory distress, subcutaneous emphysema, absent unilateral breath
sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and tracheal shift supports the diagnosis
of???? - ------------ANS: tension pneumothorax. needle or finger decompression
temporarily relieves this life threatening condition and follow this with a chest tube
Admission to hospital for pregnant patients: - ------------ANS: vaginal bleeding,
uterine irritability, abdominal tenderness, pain or cramping, evidence of hypovolemia,
changes in or absence of fetal heart tones and or leakage of amniotic fluid
After the 10th week of pregnancy, cardiac output can increase 1.0-1.5 L/min because
of the increase in plasma volume and decrease in vascular resistance of the uterus
and placenta. - ------------ANS: The placenta receives 20% of the patient's cardiac
output during the 3rd trimester. In supine position, vena cava compression can
,decrease cardiac output by 30% because of decreased venous return from lower
extremities.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at
significant risk for being inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable. -
------------ANS: Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed cardiac output, thus,
their response to hypovolemia will involve increasing their systemic vascular
resistance. Furthermore, since older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly
reflect a hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for
identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If
dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what? -
------------ANS: bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
Always assume CO exposure in patients who were burned in enclosed areas.
Patients with CO levels less than 20% may not show any symptoms - ------------ANS:
HA and nausea (20-30%), confusion (30-40%), coma (40-60%) and death (>60%).
Cherry red skin color in patients may only be seen in moribund patients.
Measurements of arterial PaO2 do not reliably predict CO poisoning b/c a partial
pressure of only 1 mm Hg results in an HbCO level of 40% or greater. Pulse ox
cannot be relied on to rule out carbon monoxide poisoning b/c we cant distinguish
oxyhemoglobin from carboxyhemoglobin. A discrepancy between pulse ox and
arterial blood gas may be explained by presence of carboxyhemoglobin.
American Burn Association states 2 requirements for diagnosis of smoke inhalation
injury: - ------------ANS: 1. exposure to combustible agent
2. signs of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, seen on
bronchoscopy.
A chest Xray and arterial blood gases should be ordered to evaluate the pulmonary
status of a patient with smoke inhalation injury, but normal values on admission DO
NOT exclude an inhalation injury.
Amniotic fluid can cause amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular
coagulation following trauma if fluid enters maternal intravascular space. True or
False - ------------ANS: True
An abrupt decrease in maternal intravascular volume can result in a profound
increase in uterine vascular resistance reducing fetal oxygenation despite
reasonably normal maternal vital signs. - ------------ANS: this is true
, An injured patient who is cool to the touch and is tachycardic should be considered
to be in shock until proven otherwise. Massive blood loss may only produce a slight
decrease in HCT/Hgb. - ------------ANS: relying solely on BP as an indicator of shock
can delay recognition of the condition b/c compensatory mechanisms can prevent
measurable fall in systolic pressure until up to 30% of the patient's blood volume is
loss. A narrowed pulse pressure suggests significant blood loss and involvement in
compensatory mechanisms.
tachycardia is diagnosed as > 100 in adults
> 160 in infants
>140 in preschool aged children
>120 in children from school age to puberty.
Anatomical alterations in the thoracic cavity seem to account for the decreased
residual volume associated with diphragmatic elevation and chest x ray reveals
increased lung marking and prominence of the pulmonary vessels. - ------------ANS:
oxygen consumption increases during pregnancy and its important when
resuscitating injured pregnant patients to maintain adequate oxygenation above 95%
Anterior Cord Syndrome - ------------ANS: injury to the motor and sensory pathways
in the anterior part of cord. paraplegia and bilateral loss of pain and temp. However,
position, vibration, and deep pressure sense are preserved (sensations from dorsal
columns). commonly due to cord ischemia
Any early normal serum amylase level or an elevated amylase level does not
conclude pancreas injury - ------------ANS:
As little as 0.01mL of RH+ blood will sensitize 70% of Rh- women. - ------------ANS:
All pregnany RH negative trauma patients should receive RH immunoglobulin
therapy unless injury is remote from the uterus (isolated distal extremity injury)
Atlanto Occipital Dislocation - ------------ANS: this is commonly seen in shaken baby
syndrome due to severe traumatic flexion and distraction. Most patients with this
injury die of brainstem destruction and apnea or have profound neurological
impairments.
Blanched skin associated with fractures and dislocations can lead to soft tissue
necrosis. The purpose of promptly reducing this injury is to prevent pressure
necrosis of the lateral left ankle soft tissue - ------------ANS: the only reason to forgo
an xray exam before treating a dislocation or fracture is the presence of vascular
compromise or impending skin breakdown, often seen with fracture dislocations of
the ankle
Answers 100% Guarantee Pass
A carboxyhemoglobin level greater than what percentage indicates a patient was
involved in a fire and has inhalation injury? - ------------ANS: 10%
A chest xray must be obtained after attempts at inserting a subclavian or IJ to
document position of line and evaluate for pneumo or hemothorax. - ------------ANS:
do not use sodium bicarb to treat metabolic acidosis from hypovolemic shock
A clenched hand with a small electrical entrance wound should alert the clinician that
a deep soft tissue injury is likely much more extensive than is visable to the naked
eye - ------------ANS: true. patients with severe electrical injuries require
fasciotomies. Electricity can cause forced contraction of muscles, doctors need to
examine patient for skeletal and muscular damage, especially for fractures of the
spine and rhabdomyolysis
A tube placed in the trachea with the cuff inflated below the vocal cords and the tube
connected to oxygen enriched assisted ventilation and airway secured in place. -
------------ANS: definitive airway
Abuse and burns - ------------ANS: circular burns and burns with clear edges and
unique patterns may reflect cigarette burns or iron. Burns on the sole of the feet
usually suggest child was placed in hot water. A burn on the posterior aspect of the
LE and buttocks
Acute respiratory distress, subcutaneous emphysema, absent unilateral breath
sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and tracheal shift supports the diagnosis
of???? - ------------ANS: tension pneumothorax. needle or finger decompression
temporarily relieves this life threatening condition and follow this with a chest tube
Admission to hospital for pregnant patients: - ------------ANS: vaginal bleeding,
uterine irritability, abdominal tenderness, pain or cramping, evidence of hypovolemia,
changes in or absence of fetal heart tones and or leakage of amniotic fluid
After the 10th week of pregnancy, cardiac output can increase 1.0-1.5 L/min because
of the increase in plasma volume and decrease in vascular resistance of the uterus
and placenta. - ------------ANS: The placenta receives 20% of the patient's cardiac
output during the 3rd trimester. In supine position, vena cava compression can
,decrease cardiac output by 30% because of decreased venous return from lower
extremities.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at
significant risk for being inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable. -
------------ANS: Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed cardiac output, thus,
their response to hypovolemia will involve increasing their systemic vascular
resistance. Furthermore, since older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly
reflect a hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the threshold for
identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If
dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what? -
------------ANS: bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
Always assume CO exposure in patients who were burned in enclosed areas.
Patients with CO levels less than 20% may not show any symptoms - ------------ANS:
HA and nausea (20-30%), confusion (30-40%), coma (40-60%) and death (>60%).
Cherry red skin color in patients may only be seen in moribund patients.
Measurements of arterial PaO2 do not reliably predict CO poisoning b/c a partial
pressure of only 1 mm Hg results in an HbCO level of 40% or greater. Pulse ox
cannot be relied on to rule out carbon monoxide poisoning b/c we cant distinguish
oxyhemoglobin from carboxyhemoglobin. A discrepancy between pulse ox and
arterial blood gas may be explained by presence of carboxyhemoglobin.
American Burn Association states 2 requirements for diagnosis of smoke inhalation
injury: - ------------ANS: 1. exposure to combustible agent
2. signs of exposure to smoke in the lower airway, below the vocal cords, seen on
bronchoscopy.
A chest Xray and arterial blood gases should be ordered to evaluate the pulmonary
status of a patient with smoke inhalation injury, but normal values on admission DO
NOT exclude an inhalation injury.
Amniotic fluid can cause amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular
coagulation following trauma if fluid enters maternal intravascular space. True or
False - ------------ANS: True
An abrupt decrease in maternal intravascular volume can result in a profound
increase in uterine vascular resistance reducing fetal oxygenation despite
reasonably normal maternal vital signs. - ------------ANS: this is true
, An injured patient who is cool to the touch and is tachycardic should be considered
to be in shock until proven otherwise. Massive blood loss may only produce a slight
decrease in HCT/Hgb. - ------------ANS: relying solely on BP as an indicator of shock
can delay recognition of the condition b/c compensatory mechanisms can prevent
measurable fall in systolic pressure until up to 30% of the patient's blood volume is
loss. A narrowed pulse pressure suggests significant blood loss and involvement in
compensatory mechanisms.
tachycardia is diagnosed as > 100 in adults
> 160 in infants
>140 in preschool aged children
>120 in children from school age to puberty.
Anatomical alterations in the thoracic cavity seem to account for the decreased
residual volume associated with diphragmatic elevation and chest x ray reveals
increased lung marking and prominence of the pulmonary vessels. - ------------ANS:
oxygen consumption increases during pregnancy and its important when
resuscitating injured pregnant patients to maintain adequate oxygenation above 95%
Anterior Cord Syndrome - ------------ANS: injury to the motor and sensory pathways
in the anterior part of cord. paraplegia and bilateral loss of pain and temp. However,
position, vibration, and deep pressure sense are preserved (sensations from dorsal
columns). commonly due to cord ischemia
Any early normal serum amylase level or an elevated amylase level does not
conclude pancreas injury - ------------ANS:
As little as 0.01mL of RH+ blood will sensitize 70% of Rh- women. - ------------ANS:
All pregnany RH negative trauma patients should receive RH immunoglobulin
therapy unless injury is remote from the uterus (isolated distal extremity injury)
Atlanto Occipital Dislocation - ------------ANS: this is commonly seen in shaken baby
syndrome due to severe traumatic flexion and distraction. Most patients with this
injury die of brainstem destruction and apnea or have profound neurological
impairments.
Blanched skin associated with fractures and dislocations can lead to soft tissue
necrosis. The purpose of promptly reducing this injury is to prevent pressure
necrosis of the lateral left ankle soft tissue - ------------ANS: the only reason to forgo
an xray exam before treating a dislocation or fracture is the presence of vascular
compromise or impending skin breakdown, often seen with fracture dislocations of
the ankle
