HKIN 191 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is VO2? - Answers - oxygen consumption
What is a MET? - Answers - Metabolic equivalent
1 MET = 3.5 ml/kg/min
What is absolute VO2 max? - Answers - maximum amount of oxygen consumed - L/min
What is relative VO2 max? - Answers - maximum amount of oxygen consumed relative
to body mass - mlO2/kg/min
How do you calculate relative VO2 from absolute VO2? - Answers - divide absolute
VO2 by kg
How do you calculate absolute VO2 from relative VO2? - Answers - multiply relative
VO2 by kg
How do you calculate relative VO2 from METS? - Answers - multiply METS by 3.5
How do you calculate METS from relative VO2? - Answers - divide relative VO2 by 3.5
How do you calculate total VO2(L) consumed? - Answers - multiply VO2 (L/min) by time
(min)
How do you calculate kcal burned during exercise? - Answers - multiply total VO2
consumed by 5
What is homeostasis? - Answers - maintenance of a constant internal environment
normal resting conditions
What is a steady state? - Answers - the balance between demands placed on the body
and the physiological response to those demands
What is the goal of the control systems of the body? - Answers - to regulate some
physiological variable at or near a constant value
What is a biological control system? - Answers - series of interconnected components
that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter at or near a constant
What does a receptor do? - Answers - capable of detecting changes
, What does an integrating centre do? - Answers - assesses input and initiates a
response
What does an effector do? - Answers - corrects changes to internal environment
What system do most biological systems operate via? - Answers - negative feedback
system
What is a negative feedback system? - Answers - the response of the control system is
opposite to the stimulus
the response reverses the initial disturbance in homestasis
What is metabolism? - Answers - sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
What is an anabolic reaction? - Answers - synthesis of molecules
What is a catabolic reaction? - Answers - breakdown of molecules
What is an endergonic reaction? - Answers - reaction that requires energy to be added
What is an exergonic reaction? - Answers - reaction that releases energy
What are coupled reactions? - Answers - liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction
drives an endergonic reaction
How is ATP the energy currency of the body? - Answers - extracted energy from ATP is
used to power all forms of biological work
What are the characteristics of an anaerobic pathway? - Answers - -does not require O2
-CP breakdown and glycolysis
-degradation of glucose and glycogen
What are the characteristics of an aerobic pathway? - Answers - -requires O2
-oxidative re-synthesis
-oxidative phosphorolation
What are the 3 bioenergetic systems of ATP regeneration? - Answers - 1. Phosphagen
system - anaerobic
2. Glycolysis system - anaerobic
3. Oxidative phosphorylation - aerobic
What are the 2 key equations of the phosphagen system? - Answers - 1. ATP-CP
system
ATP --> ADP + Pi + energy
CP --> C + Pi + energy
energy + ADP + Pi --> ATP
VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is VO2? - Answers - oxygen consumption
What is a MET? - Answers - Metabolic equivalent
1 MET = 3.5 ml/kg/min
What is absolute VO2 max? - Answers - maximum amount of oxygen consumed - L/min
What is relative VO2 max? - Answers - maximum amount of oxygen consumed relative
to body mass - mlO2/kg/min
How do you calculate relative VO2 from absolute VO2? - Answers - divide absolute
VO2 by kg
How do you calculate absolute VO2 from relative VO2? - Answers - multiply relative
VO2 by kg
How do you calculate relative VO2 from METS? - Answers - multiply METS by 3.5
How do you calculate METS from relative VO2? - Answers - divide relative VO2 by 3.5
How do you calculate total VO2(L) consumed? - Answers - multiply VO2 (L/min) by time
(min)
How do you calculate kcal burned during exercise? - Answers - multiply total VO2
consumed by 5
What is homeostasis? - Answers - maintenance of a constant internal environment
normal resting conditions
What is a steady state? - Answers - the balance between demands placed on the body
and the physiological response to those demands
What is the goal of the control systems of the body? - Answers - to regulate some
physiological variable at or near a constant value
What is a biological control system? - Answers - series of interconnected components
that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter at or near a constant
What does a receptor do? - Answers - capable of detecting changes
, What does an integrating centre do? - Answers - assesses input and initiates a
response
What does an effector do? - Answers - corrects changes to internal environment
What system do most biological systems operate via? - Answers - negative feedback
system
What is a negative feedback system? - Answers - the response of the control system is
opposite to the stimulus
the response reverses the initial disturbance in homestasis
What is metabolism? - Answers - sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
What is an anabolic reaction? - Answers - synthesis of molecules
What is a catabolic reaction? - Answers - breakdown of molecules
What is an endergonic reaction? - Answers - reaction that requires energy to be added
What is an exergonic reaction? - Answers - reaction that releases energy
What are coupled reactions? - Answers - liberation of energy in an exergonic reaction
drives an endergonic reaction
How is ATP the energy currency of the body? - Answers - extracted energy from ATP is
used to power all forms of biological work
What are the characteristics of an anaerobic pathway? - Answers - -does not require O2
-CP breakdown and glycolysis
-degradation of glucose and glycogen
What are the characteristics of an aerobic pathway? - Answers - -requires O2
-oxidative re-synthesis
-oxidative phosphorolation
What are the 3 bioenergetic systems of ATP regeneration? - Answers - 1. Phosphagen
system - anaerobic
2. Glycolysis system - anaerobic
3. Oxidative phosphorylation - aerobic
What are the 2 key equations of the phosphagen system? - Answers - 1. ATP-CP
system
ATP --> ADP + Pi + energy
CP --> C + Pi + energy
energy + ADP + Pi --> ATP
