MN 551 PATHO CORRECT EXAMS SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency
department of a hospital after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal
pain. He admits to a history of copious alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs
include a temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F), blood pressure of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart
rate of 116 beats per minute. Blood work indicates that his serum levels of C-reactive
protein, amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which of the following diagnoses would
the care team first suspect? - ✔✔Acute pancreatitis
✔✔A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of
the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences
of this condition is most likely? - ✔✔Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of
stomach contents into the esophagus
✔✔A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and
cokes each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his
regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative
implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's
statement? - ✔✔"When your body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your
blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic
byproducts."
✔✔A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of
heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following
phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? -
✔✔Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
✔✔After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female patient has been
diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following
,treatment regimens is likely to best address the woman's health problem? - ✔✔Proton
pump inhibitors, avoiding large meals, and remaining upright after meals
✔✔A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain
in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is
corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the
distinguishing symptom? - ✔✔Severe pain
✔✔A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care
provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see
why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of
physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the patient? - ✔✔The amount of
glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of
the cell.
✔✔A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of
progressive hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her
diagnosis? - ✔✔New, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and oval
window.
✔✔A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple
effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological
processes are actions of insulin? - ✔✔Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
✔✔An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the
effects of increased levels of GH. Which of the following teaching points about the
patient's future health risks is most accurate? - ✔✔"When your pituitary gland is
enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies.
✔✔A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents
are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital
where their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology
of their daughter's health problem to her parents? - ✔✔"The problem that underlies her
diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce
insulin."
✔✔Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones
in the body? - ✔✔Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a
combination of vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and
conscientious eating habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears
pale and clammy and to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he
,has made an error in his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a
hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following actions should be the wife's first choice? -
✔✔Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source
✔✔Large amounts of glucagon were recently released into an individual's circulation,
but glucagon circulation has now ceased. Which of the following situations could have
led to this inhibition of glucagon release? - ✔✔A decrease in cellular metabolic needs
and an increase in glucose levels
✔✔What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? -
✔✔Hypothyroidism
✔✔Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in
maintaining homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for
the loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and
norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. - ✔✔The adrenal
cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
✔✔A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ✔✔She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
✔✔Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of
glucose metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
, b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood
until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of
food intake. - ✔✔Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache
that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and
having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis
externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most
accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but
antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use
ear swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of
antibiotic pills." - ✔✔"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's
important not to use ear swabs."
✔✔A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his
condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following
factors could have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ✔✔Reflux of fluid from the boy's
nose into his middle ear
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔While on tour, a 32-year-old male musician has presented to the emergency
department of a hospital after a concert complaining of severe and sudden abdominal
pain. He admits to a history of copious alcohol use in recent years, and his vital signs
include a temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F), blood pressure of 89/48 mm Hg, and heart
rate of 116 beats per minute. Blood work indicates that his serum levels of C-reactive
protein, amylase, and lipase are all elevated. Which of the following diagnoses would
the care team first suspect? - ✔✔Acute pancreatitis
✔✔A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia, in which the function of
the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which of the following consequences
of this condition is most likely? - ✔✔Protrusion of the stomach or regurgitation of
stomach contents into the esophagus
✔✔A 51-year-old male professional is in the habit of consuming six to eight rum and
cokes each evening after work. He assures the nurse practitioner, who is performing his
regular physical exam, that his drinking is under control and does not have negative
implications for his work or family life. How could the nurse best respond to the patient's
statement? - ✔✔"When your body has to regularly break down that much alcohol, your
blood and the functional cells in your liver accumulate a lot of potentially damaging toxic
byproducts."
✔✔A 20-year-old male college student has recently finished a Thanksgiving dinner of
heroic proportions while home for the holiday weekend. Which of the following
phenomena would most likely have produced his sensation of satiety? -
✔✔Cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suppress the hunger impulse.
✔✔After several months of persistent heartburn, a 57-year-old female patient has been
diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following
,treatment regimens is likely to best address the woman's health problem? - ✔✔Proton
pump inhibitors, avoiding large meals, and remaining upright after meals
✔✔A 32-year-old man is complaining of burning, itching, photophobia, and severe pain
in his right eye after swimming in the ocean. To determine that the eye condition is
corneal rather than a conjunctival disease, which of the following would be the
distinguishing symptom? - ✔✔Severe pain
✔✔A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered by her primary care
provider to have a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time. The woman states, "I don't see
why you want to test my blood cells when it's sugar that's the problem." What aspect of
physiology will underlie the care provider's response to the patient? - ✔✔The amount of
glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of
the cell.
✔✔A 29-year-old woman has been diagnosed with otosclerosis after several years of
progressive hearing loss. What pathophysiologic process has characterized her
diagnosis? - ✔✔New, sclerotic bone has been formed around her stapes and oval
window.
✔✔A 30 year old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple
effects that insulin has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological
processes are actions of insulin? - ✔✔Facilitating triglycerides from glucose in fat cells
✔✔An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the
effects of increased levels of GH. Which of the following teaching points about the
patient's future health risks is most accurate? - ✔✔"When your pituitary gland is
enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies.
✔✔A three-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes and her parents
are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse at the hospital
where their daughter is receiving treatment. How can the nurse best explain the etiology
of their daughter's health problem to her parents? - ✔✔"The problem that underlies her
diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce
insulin."
✔✔Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the role of hormones
in the body? - ✔✔Some chemical substances can function as either hormones or
neurotransmitters.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a
combination of vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and
conscientious eating habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears
pale and clammy and to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he
,has made an error in his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a
hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following actions should be the wife's first choice? -
✔✔Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source
✔✔Large amounts of glucagon were recently released into an individual's circulation,
but glucagon circulation has now ceased. Which of the following situations could have
led to this inhibition of glucagon release? - ✔✔A decrease in cellular metabolic needs
and an increase in glucose levels
✔✔What does a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone indicate? -
✔✔Hypothyroidism
✔✔Which of the following statements best captures the role of the adrenal cortex in
maintaining homeostasis?
Question 1 options:
A. Normal sexual function is dependent on adequate adrenal cortical function.
B. Redundant, secondary production of adrenal cortical hormones can compensate for
the loss of the adrenal glands.
C. The adrenal cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
D. The adrenal cortex is responsible for the production of epinephrine and
norepinephrine, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. - ✔✔The adrenal
cortical hormones are primarily steroids and sex hormones.
✔✔A three-year-old girl has been diagnosed with amblyopia. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes is most likely to underlie her health problem?
Question 2 options:
a. The child may have a neural pathway disorder
b. She may have been born with infantile cataracts
c. The girl may have chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
d. The child may have a congenital deficit of rods and/or cones - ✔✔She may have
been born with infantile cataracts
✔✔Which of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of
glucose metabolism?
Question 3 options:
a. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
, b. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
c. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood
until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
d. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of
food intake. - ✔✔Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the
liver.
✔✔A 60-year-old man has presented to his nurse practitioner because of an earache
that has become progressively more painful in recent days. After giving his history and
having an examination with an otoscope, the man has been diagnosed with otitis
externa. Which of the nurse practitioner's following statements to the man is most
accurate?
Question 4 options:
a. "This likely happened because your ears aren't draining like they should, but
antibiotics that you'll put in your ears will resolve this."
b. "I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's important not to use
ear swabs."
c. "I'm going to instill some warm water into your ear to flush out debris and bacteria."
d. "You'll need to avoid getting any water in your ear until you finish your course of
antibiotic pills." - ✔✔"I'll prescribe some ear drops for you, and in the meantime it's
important not to use ear swabs."
✔✔A 4-year-old boy has had otitis media with effusion (OME) for several weeks and his
condition has recently progressed to acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following
factors could have contributed to his AOM?
Question 5 options:
Exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Sensorineural deficits in the auditory control apparatus
Accumulation of cerumen in the external acoustic meatus
A deficiency in immunoglobulin G
Reflux of fluid from the boy's nose into his middle ear - ✔✔Reflux of fluid from the boy's
nose into his middle ear
