NSG PATHO FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2026 | ACTUAL Qs & 100% CORRECT As
The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
✔️Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse
correctly documents this as which of the following? ✔️Decubitus pressure ulcer
Which of the following describes:
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the respiratory center resulting in increased rate and depth of
respirations and hyperventilation? ✔️Hypercapnia
Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? ✔️Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Pernicious anemia
AIDs
The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the following is a potential long-term complication of the disease?
✔️Diabetic Retinopathy
What is the common warnings of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply ✔️· Feeling of pressure in chest
· Nausea
· Anxiety & Fear
· Diaphoresis (sweating), SOB
Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? ✔️· Exercise intolerance and Dysrhythmias
The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses
should the nurse make? ✔️The heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals
bluish skin nailbeds and mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? ✔️Cyanosis
The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care
provider provides bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should recognize that a client is most likely
experiencing which of the following? ✔️Asthma
The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has
which of the following? ✔️Decreased leukocytes
Which of the following is the correct sequence or pathway for blood flow through the heart? ✔️right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary
artery ->lungs ->pulmonary vein-> left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta
The nurse is teaching a client that diabetes causes a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease because of which of the following?
✔️Hyperglycemia causes endothelial degeneration leading to Acura Cirrhosis
A 7-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type one diabetes. The client asked why I have to have insulin injections? The nurse should
explain which of the following? ✔️Pancreas is not producing insulin
A nurse is admitting a client to the emergency room the client begins to have a seizure activity including the loss of consciousness and limb
jerking. The nurse priority is to do which of the following? ✔️Protect the client from injury
Which of the following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? ✔️Hemoglobin A1C
Which neurotransmitter is depleted in client with Parkinson's disease? ✔️Dopamine
Which of the following is the condition where fat containing substances are deposited on the coronary artery lumens causing it to narrow?
✔️Coronary artery disease
, A client has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis the nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of which of the following?
✔️Autoimmune mediated response that is caused by the demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson's disease places the client with Parkinson's disease most at risk for which of the following? ✔️Falls and
injury's
A client who is being seen in an outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted
approximately 45 minutes. The symptoms have completely subsided, and the client is now back to their baseline. The client most likely
experienced which of the following? ✔️TIA (transient ischemic attack)
mini stroke
The nurses came for a client diagnosed with expressive aphasia after having a stroke how should the nurse explain expressive aphasia to the
client's family? ✔️it's characterized by an impaired ability to speak or write fluently or appropriately
After a patient experiences a stroke specific local signs and symptoms are based on the area affected these signs and symptoms include any of
the following except what? ✔️Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
A client is admitted to the emergency department that has acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The nurse knows which of the following are
characteristics of this disease? select all ✔️· Autoimmune disease
· Often follows a viral infection or immunization
· Causes Semi-paralysis in an ascending fashion
The nurse is caring for a client with photophobia, fever, spontaneous flexion of the knees when the knees are bent, resistance to extension of
the leg and hip flexed. which of the following does the nurse anticipate will be the diagnosis of this client? ✔️Meningitis
The client has a history of seizures and reports seeing flashing lights immediately prior to the seizure. The nurse should recognize this as which
of the following? ✔️Aura
The client has reported pain localized to the right great toe additionally the radiographic reports revealed inflammation and uric acid crystals in
the joint of the great toe. Which disorder does the client have? ✔️Gout
The nurse is conducting health screening for osteoporosis. Which client is at greatest risk? ✔️65-year-old woman who is sanitary and smokes
cigarettes
While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures the nursing instructor says the fracture is characterized by the bone
being exposed to air through a break in the skin. Which type of fracture is this? ✔️Open Facture
The nurses caring for a client with left ankle sprain. The nurse knows that the best therapy to treat the inflammation that occurs with the sprain
is which of the following? ✔️RICE treatment (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation)
Nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia experiencing vaso-occlusive episode. Which of the following should be the primary nursing
objective while caring for this child? ✔️Pain management
An older client was presented to the emergency department after falling down the stairs and injuring the knee. Which assessment findings are
cardinal signs that the client is experiencing inflammation? Select all that apply ✔️· Client knee is visibly red
· The knee appears to be swollen
· The knee is warmer than the unaffected knee
· The client is experiencing pain
what is correct about an opportunistic infection? ✔️infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune
systems than in people with healthy immune systems.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease comprised of which the following? ✔️· Chronic bronchitis
· Emphysema
· Asthma
The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
✔️Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse
correctly documents this as which of the following? ✔️Decubitus pressure ulcer
Which of the following describes:
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the respiratory center resulting in increased rate and depth of
respirations and hyperventilation? ✔️Hypercapnia
Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? ✔️Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Pernicious anemia
AIDs
The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the following is a potential long-term complication of the disease?
✔️Diabetic Retinopathy
What is the common warnings of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply ✔️· Feeling of pressure in chest
· Nausea
· Anxiety & Fear
· Diaphoresis (sweating), SOB
Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? ✔️· Exercise intolerance and Dysrhythmias
The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses
should the nurse make? ✔️The heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals
bluish skin nailbeds and mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? ✔️Cyanosis
The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care
provider provides bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should recognize that a client is most likely
experiencing which of the following? ✔️Asthma
The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has
which of the following? ✔️Decreased leukocytes
Which of the following is the correct sequence or pathway for blood flow through the heart? ✔️right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary
artery ->lungs ->pulmonary vein-> left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta
The nurse is teaching a client that diabetes causes a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease because of which of the following?
✔️Hyperglycemia causes endothelial degeneration leading to Acura Cirrhosis
A 7-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type one diabetes. The client asked why I have to have insulin injections? The nurse should
explain which of the following? ✔️Pancreas is not producing insulin
A nurse is admitting a client to the emergency room the client begins to have a seizure activity including the loss of consciousness and limb
jerking. The nurse priority is to do which of the following? ✔️Protect the client from injury
Which of the following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? ✔️Hemoglobin A1C
Which neurotransmitter is depleted in client with Parkinson's disease? ✔️Dopamine
Which of the following is the condition where fat containing substances are deposited on the coronary artery lumens causing it to narrow?
✔️Coronary artery disease
, A client has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis the nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of which of the following?
✔️Autoimmune mediated response that is caused by the demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson's disease places the client with Parkinson's disease most at risk for which of the following? ✔️Falls and
injury's
A client who is being seen in an outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted
approximately 45 minutes. The symptoms have completely subsided, and the client is now back to their baseline. The client most likely
experienced which of the following? ✔️TIA (transient ischemic attack)
mini stroke
The nurses came for a client diagnosed with expressive aphasia after having a stroke how should the nurse explain expressive aphasia to the
client's family? ✔️it's characterized by an impaired ability to speak or write fluently or appropriately
After a patient experiences a stroke specific local signs and symptoms are based on the area affected these signs and symptoms include any of
the following except what? ✔️Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
A client is admitted to the emergency department that has acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The nurse knows which of the following are
characteristics of this disease? select all ✔️· Autoimmune disease
· Often follows a viral infection or immunization
· Causes Semi-paralysis in an ascending fashion
The nurse is caring for a client with photophobia, fever, spontaneous flexion of the knees when the knees are bent, resistance to extension of
the leg and hip flexed. which of the following does the nurse anticipate will be the diagnosis of this client? ✔️Meningitis
The client has a history of seizures and reports seeing flashing lights immediately prior to the seizure. The nurse should recognize this as which
of the following? ✔️Aura
The client has reported pain localized to the right great toe additionally the radiographic reports revealed inflammation and uric acid crystals in
the joint of the great toe. Which disorder does the client have? ✔️Gout
The nurse is conducting health screening for osteoporosis. Which client is at greatest risk? ✔️65-year-old woman who is sanitary and smokes
cigarettes
While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures the nursing instructor says the fracture is characterized by the bone
being exposed to air through a break in the skin. Which type of fracture is this? ✔️Open Facture
The nurses caring for a client with left ankle sprain. The nurse knows that the best therapy to treat the inflammation that occurs with the sprain
is which of the following? ✔️RICE treatment (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation)
Nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia experiencing vaso-occlusive episode. Which of the following should be the primary nursing
objective while caring for this child? ✔️Pain management
An older client was presented to the emergency department after falling down the stairs and injuring the knee. Which assessment findings are
cardinal signs that the client is experiencing inflammation? Select all that apply ✔️· Client knee is visibly red
· The knee appears to be swollen
· The knee is warmer than the unaffected knee
· The client is experiencing pain
what is correct about an opportunistic infection? ✔️infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune
systems than in people with healthy immune systems.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease comprised of which the following? ✔️· Chronic bronchitis
· Emphysema
· Asthma
