GCU 631 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Somogyi Effect
Occurs in diabetics; body reacts to hypoglycemia by overcompensating, leading to
hyperglycemia
Proteases
Enzymes that facilitate transportation of molecules across the cellular membrane
Lipid Bilayer
Prevents water-soluble molecules from crossing; not permeable to water
Absolute Refractory Period
Time when another action potential is impossible, regardless of stimulus; crucial for heart
function
Hydrostatic Pressure
Force responsible for moving fluid from arterial end of capillary to interstitial fluid
Metaplasia
Cellular adaptation where one cell type is replaced by another type
Hyperplasia
Abnormal increase in cell number leading to organ or tissue enlargement; e.g., breast growth
during pregnancy
Hemosiderosis
Abnormal accumulation of iron in the body, often seen after multiple blood transfusions
,Hypernatremia
Condition causing cell shrinkage, resulting in confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
and coma
Respiratory Acidosis, Non-Compensated
pH 7.28, bicarbonate 28, CO2 60
Turner Syndrome
X-linked chromosome disorder; genetic disorder; features short stature and webbed neck
Epigenetics
Factors influencing why one twin develops asthma while the other does not
AB Blood Type
Blood type present when the patient has both A and B alleles
Eosinophils
Immune cells mobilized during parasitic invasions
H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
Avoid using for wound care as it can harm healthy tissue
Reasons for Different Vaccine Routes
Vaccines impact lymphocytes in varying ways, hence the need for diverse administration
routes
Complement System
Deficient in neonates with inadequate inflammatory response
, Endomorphins
Naturally occurring opioids in the body
A-Deltas
Nerve fibers responsible for transmitting pain signals
Sodium (Hyponatremia)
Electrolyte imbalance expected in patients with lithium toxicity
They mimic dopamine
Why do antipsychotic drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
Serotonin
Depressed patients have a decrease in which receptor binding neurotransmitter
Depression
What type of mood disorders generally have disorders in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal
system
How do we link major depression and cortisol secretion?
Stress > increases cortisol > cortisol > causes inflammation > inflammation > causes
depression
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
People with schizophrenia lack what neurotransmitter?
Subarachnoid
With a positive Kernig & Brudzinski's sign, what kind of bleed do we suspect?
Somogyi Effect
Occurs in diabetics; body reacts to hypoglycemia by overcompensating, leading to
hyperglycemia
Proteases
Enzymes that facilitate transportation of molecules across the cellular membrane
Lipid Bilayer
Prevents water-soluble molecules from crossing; not permeable to water
Absolute Refractory Period
Time when another action potential is impossible, regardless of stimulus; crucial for heart
function
Hydrostatic Pressure
Force responsible for moving fluid from arterial end of capillary to interstitial fluid
Metaplasia
Cellular adaptation where one cell type is replaced by another type
Hyperplasia
Abnormal increase in cell number leading to organ or tissue enlargement; e.g., breast growth
during pregnancy
Hemosiderosis
Abnormal accumulation of iron in the body, often seen after multiple blood transfusions
,Hypernatremia
Condition causing cell shrinkage, resulting in confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
and coma
Respiratory Acidosis, Non-Compensated
pH 7.28, bicarbonate 28, CO2 60
Turner Syndrome
X-linked chromosome disorder; genetic disorder; features short stature and webbed neck
Epigenetics
Factors influencing why one twin develops asthma while the other does not
AB Blood Type
Blood type present when the patient has both A and B alleles
Eosinophils
Immune cells mobilized during parasitic invasions
H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
Avoid using for wound care as it can harm healthy tissue
Reasons for Different Vaccine Routes
Vaccines impact lymphocytes in varying ways, hence the need for diverse administration
routes
Complement System
Deficient in neonates with inadequate inflammatory response
, Endomorphins
Naturally occurring opioids in the body
A-Deltas
Nerve fibers responsible for transmitting pain signals
Sodium (Hyponatremia)
Electrolyte imbalance expected in patients with lithium toxicity
They mimic dopamine
Why do antipsychotic drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
Serotonin
Depressed patients have a decrease in which receptor binding neurotransmitter
Depression
What type of mood disorders generally have disorders in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal
system
How do we link major depression and cortisol secretion?
Stress > increases cortisol > cortisol > causes inflammation > inflammation > causes
depression
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
People with schizophrenia lack what neurotransmitter?
Subarachnoid
With a positive Kernig & Brudzinski's sign, what kind of bleed do we suspect?
