Team dynamics – oct 26
5 stage model of group development
- Over the lifespan, groups proceed through the following 5 stages
1. Forming: group members meet and greet
2. Storming: group members argue (e.g. about leadership, objectives, process).
3. Norming: group members establish rules( i.e. norms) to function effectively
4. Performing: group members perform their work
5. Adjouring: group members say goodbye to each other and disband
Model developd by tuckemen and Jensen
Group roles
Benne and sheats developed the first typology of 27 group roles divided into 3 categories ( group task
roles, group task roles, group building and maintenance roles, and individual roles). Since that time,
other typologies have been developed. For ex belbin developed a typology of 8 group roles
Mathieu et al (2015) recently developed a typology of 6 group roles
- Organizer
- Doer
o Someone who is willing to do so
- Challenger
o Considers alternative assumptions
- Innovator
- Team builder
- connecter
Social Loafing
Social loafing is the tendency of a person to exert less effort when working in a group than when
working alone (e.g. a person working in a group of three will exert less effort than when working in
alone). Also, the decrease in a person’s effort increases as the size of the group increases (e.g. a person
working in a group of seven will exert less effort than a person working in a group of three)
- discover by Ringelmann
- more people = less force on the rope pulling
one explanation for social loafing is diffusion of responsibility. When people work in a group works
alone, 100 percent of the responsibility falls on his/ her shoulderswhen a person works in a group of
two, 50 percent of the responsibility falls on his/her shoulders; when a person works in a group of four,
25 percent of the responsibility falls on his/her shoulders; etc.
- some suggestions to prevent/ reduce social loafing:
o identify and or reward each persons efforts and achievements
o reduce group size
5 stage model of group development
- Over the lifespan, groups proceed through the following 5 stages
1. Forming: group members meet and greet
2. Storming: group members argue (e.g. about leadership, objectives, process).
3. Norming: group members establish rules( i.e. norms) to function effectively
4. Performing: group members perform their work
5. Adjouring: group members say goodbye to each other and disband
Model developd by tuckemen and Jensen
Group roles
Benne and sheats developed the first typology of 27 group roles divided into 3 categories ( group task
roles, group task roles, group building and maintenance roles, and individual roles). Since that time,
other typologies have been developed. For ex belbin developed a typology of 8 group roles
Mathieu et al (2015) recently developed a typology of 6 group roles
- Organizer
- Doer
o Someone who is willing to do so
- Challenger
o Considers alternative assumptions
- Innovator
- Team builder
- connecter
Social Loafing
Social loafing is the tendency of a person to exert less effort when working in a group than when
working alone (e.g. a person working in a group of three will exert less effort than when working in
alone). Also, the decrease in a person’s effort increases as the size of the group increases (e.g. a person
working in a group of seven will exert less effort than a person working in a group of three)
- discover by Ringelmann
- more people = less force on the rope pulling
one explanation for social loafing is diffusion of responsibility. When people work in a group works
alone, 100 percent of the responsibility falls on his/ her shoulderswhen a person works in a group of
two, 50 percent of the responsibility falls on his/her shoulders; when a person works in a group of four,
25 percent of the responsibility falls on his/her shoulders; etc.
- some suggestions to prevent/ reduce social loafing:
o identify and or reward each persons efforts and achievements
o reduce group size
