NUR 2356 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 | Multidimensional Care I
MDC 1 | Verified Q&A | Rasmussen | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS & PATIENT-CENTERED
CARE (25 Questions)
Q1: A 72-year-old male patient with a history of heart failure and type 2 diabetes is
admitted for exacerbation of his heart failure. The nurse is prioritizing care using
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The patient is experiencing shortness of breath, has not
eaten in 24 hours due to nausea, and expresses fear about his prognosis. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy, which need should the nurse address FIRST?
A. Providing emotional support to address the patient's fear about his prognosis
B. Assisting the patient with oral care and offering antiemetic medications
C. Administering oxygen and positioning the patient in high Fowler's position
D. Contacting the patient's family to provide social support
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiologic needs (oxygen,
nutrition, elimination, rest) must be met before safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization needs. Shortness of breath represents a threat to oxygenation, which
is the most basic physiologic need and must be addressed immediately. Option A
addresses a higher-level need (psychological safety), Option B addresses nutrition
which is important but oxygenation takes priority, and Option D addresses social needs
,which are higher on the hierarchy. The nurse must prioritize airway and breathing before
all other interventions.
Q2: A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is scheduled for surgery. The child's
mother asks the nurse how to explain the surgery to her child. Based on Piaget's
cognitive development theory, which approach is MOST appropriate?
A. Provide a detailed explanation of the surgical procedure using medical terminology
B. Use simple language, play therapy, and allow the child to handle medical equipment
C. Have a logical discussion about the risks and benefits of the surgery
D. Explain the procedure using abstract concepts and hypothetical scenarios
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Piaget, a 4-year-old child is in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7
years), characterized by egocentric thinking, symbolic play, and concrete rather than
abstract reasoning. The nurse should use simple language, play therapy, and hands-on
experiences with medical equipment to help the child understand. Option A is
inappropriate because medical terminology exceeds the child's vocabulary. Option C
reflects formal operational thinking (age 11+). Option D involves abstract reasoning
which is beyond the preoperational child's capabilities. Therapeutic communication with
children requires developmentally appropriate approaches.
Q3: A nurse is caring for a 16-year-old female patient who was admitted after a suicide
attempt. The patient states, "I just want to die. Nobody cares about me anyway." Which
therapeutic communication technique should the nurse use FIRST?
A. "You have so much to live for. Think about your family."
B. "Tell me more about what makes you feel that no one cares about you."
C. "I know how you feel. I felt the same way when I was your age."
D. "You shouldn't talk like that. Things will get better soon."
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic communication technique of exploring/encouraging
elaboration (Option B) is the most appropriate response. It invites the patient to express
feelings, validates her experience, and helps the nurse gather more information about
the patient's psychosocial state. Option A minimizes the patient's feelings and uses
false reassurance. Option C is inappropriate self-disclosure that shifts focus away from
the patient. Option D is a non-therapeutic response that dismisses the patient's feelings
and offers false reassurance. Erikson's psychosocial development indicates that
adolescents (identity vs. role confusion) need to be heard and validated in their
emotional experiences.
Q4: A nurse is working with a diverse patient population in a community health center. A
58-year-old Vietnamese patient with limited English proficiency is diagnosed with
hypertension and prescribed lisinopril. Which nursing action BEST demonstrates
cultural competence?
A. Ask the patient's adult child to translate all medical information
B. Provide written materials only in English and schedule a follow-up in one month
C. Use a professional medical interpreter and incorporate the patient's cultural health
beliefs into the care plan
D. Speak loudly and slowly in English to ensure the patient understands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cultural competence requires the nurse to respect and incorporate the
patient's cultural beliefs, values, and practices into care. Using a professional medical
interpreter (not family members, who may filter information) ensures accurate
communication and maintains patient confidentiality. Incorporating cultural health
beliefs promotes adherence and patient-centered care. Option A violates HIPAA and
, may lead to inaccurate translation. Option B ignores language barriers and cultural
needs. Option D is inappropriate and demonstrates cultural insensitivity. QSEN
competencies emphasize patient-centered care that respects diversity and individual
preferences.
Q5: A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a new diagnosis of type 2
diabetes. According to the nursing process, which action should the nurse perform
FIRST?
A. Establish measurable patient outcomes for blood glucose management
B. Implement dietary modifications and medication education
C. Collect comprehensive data about the patient's knowledge, lifestyle, and support
system
D. Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan after implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nursing process follows the sequence: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). Assessment is always the first step and
involves collecting comprehensive subjective and objective data about the patient's
current knowledge, lifestyle habits, support systems, and learning readiness. Without
thorough assessment, the nurse cannot accurately diagnose learning needs or develop
an appropriate plan. Option A is part of planning, Option B is implementation, and
Option D is evaluation—all steps that come after assessment. Evidence-based practice
requires systematic data collection before intervention.
Q6: A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious
beliefs (Jehovah's Witness). The patient's hemoglobin is 6.2 g/dL, and the physician has
ordered the transfusion. Which action demonstrates the ethical principle of autonomy?
A. Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary to save the patient's life
MDC 1 | Verified Q&A | Rasmussen | Pass Guaranteed - A+
Graded
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS & PATIENT-CENTERED
CARE (25 Questions)
Q1: A 72-year-old male patient with a history of heart failure and type 2 diabetes is
admitted for exacerbation of his heart failure. The nurse is prioritizing care using
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The patient is experiencing shortness of breath, has not
eaten in 24 hours due to nausea, and expresses fear about his prognosis. Based on
Maslow's hierarchy, which need should the nurse address FIRST?
A. Providing emotional support to address the patient's fear about his prognosis
B. Assisting the patient with oral care and offering antiemetic medications
C. Administering oxygen and positioning the patient in high Fowler's position
D. Contacting the patient's family to provide social support
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiologic needs (oxygen,
nutrition, elimination, rest) must be met before safety, love/belonging, esteem, and
self-actualization needs. Shortness of breath represents a threat to oxygenation, which
is the most basic physiologic need and must be addressed immediately. Option A
addresses a higher-level need (psychological safety), Option B addresses nutrition
which is important but oxygenation takes priority, and Option D addresses social needs
,which are higher on the hierarchy. The nurse must prioritize airway and breathing before
all other interventions.
Q2: A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is scheduled for surgery. The child's
mother asks the nurse how to explain the surgery to her child. Based on Piaget's
cognitive development theory, which approach is MOST appropriate?
A. Provide a detailed explanation of the surgical procedure using medical terminology
B. Use simple language, play therapy, and allow the child to handle medical equipment
C. Have a logical discussion about the risks and benefits of the surgery
D. Explain the procedure using abstract concepts and hypothetical scenarios
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Piaget, a 4-year-old child is in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7
years), characterized by egocentric thinking, symbolic play, and concrete rather than
abstract reasoning. The nurse should use simple language, play therapy, and hands-on
experiences with medical equipment to help the child understand. Option A is
inappropriate because medical terminology exceeds the child's vocabulary. Option C
reflects formal operational thinking (age 11+). Option D involves abstract reasoning
which is beyond the preoperational child's capabilities. Therapeutic communication with
children requires developmentally appropriate approaches.
Q3: A nurse is caring for a 16-year-old female patient who was admitted after a suicide
attempt. The patient states, "I just want to die. Nobody cares about me anyway." Which
therapeutic communication technique should the nurse use FIRST?
A. "You have so much to live for. Think about your family."
B. "Tell me more about what makes you feel that no one cares about you."
C. "I know how you feel. I felt the same way when I was your age."
D. "You shouldn't talk like that. Things will get better soon."
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic communication technique of exploring/encouraging
elaboration (Option B) is the most appropriate response. It invites the patient to express
feelings, validates her experience, and helps the nurse gather more information about
the patient's psychosocial state. Option A minimizes the patient's feelings and uses
false reassurance. Option C is inappropriate self-disclosure that shifts focus away from
the patient. Option D is a non-therapeutic response that dismisses the patient's feelings
and offers false reassurance. Erikson's psychosocial development indicates that
adolescents (identity vs. role confusion) need to be heard and validated in their
emotional experiences.
Q4: A nurse is working with a diverse patient population in a community health center. A
58-year-old Vietnamese patient with limited English proficiency is diagnosed with
hypertension and prescribed lisinopril. Which nursing action BEST demonstrates
cultural competence?
A. Ask the patient's adult child to translate all medical information
B. Provide written materials only in English and schedule a follow-up in one month
C. Use a professional medical interpreter and incorporate the patient's cultural health
beliefs into the care plan
D. Speak loudly and slowly in English to ensure the patient understands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cultural competence requires the nurse to respect and incorporate the
patient's cultural beliefs, values, and practices into care. Using a professional medical
interpreter (not family members, who may filter information) ensures accurate
communication and maintains patient confidentiality. Incorporating cultural health
beliefs promotes adherence and patient-centered care. Option A violates HIPAA and
, may lead to inaccurate translation. Option B ignores language barriers and cultural
needs. Option D is inappropriate and demonstrates cultural insensitivity. QSEN
competencies emphasize patient-centered care that respects diversity and individual
preferences.
Q5: A nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with a new diagnosis of type 2
diabetes. According to the nursing process, which action should the nurse perform
FIRST?
A. Establish measurable patient outcomes for blood glucose management
B. Implement dietary modifications and medication education
C. Collect comprehensive data about the patient's knowledge, lifestyle, and support
system
D. Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan after implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nursing process follows the sequence: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). Assessment is always the first step and
involves collecting comprehensive subjective and objective data about the patient's
current knowledge, lifestyle habits, support systems, and learning readiness. Without
thorough assessment, the nurse cannot accurately diagnose learning needs or develop
an appropriate plan. Option A is part of planning, Option B is implementation, and
Option D is evaluation—all steps that come after assessment. Evidence-based practice
requires systematic data collection before intervention.
Q6: A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious
beliefs (Jehovah's Witness). The patient's hemoglobin is 6.2 g/dL, and the physician has
ordered the transfusion. Which action demonstrates the ethical principle of autonomy?
A. Administer the transfusion because it is medically necessary to save the patient's life
