Chapter 4 Exam 2026 Questions and Answers Graded A+
Homeostasis - Correct answer-The condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism - Correct answer-Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into
energy or products for use by the body.
Dilate - Correct answer-To widen.
Constrict - Correct answer-To narrow.
Signs - Correct answer-What the NA actually sees, hears, feels, or smells.
Symptoms - Correct answer-Not directly seen by the NA, but are reported by the resident who experiences them.
Anterior or ventral - Correct answer-The front of the body or body part.
Posterior or dorsal - Correct answer-The back of the body or body part.
Superior - Correct answer-Toward the head.
Inferior - Correct answer-Away from the head.
Medial - Correct answer-Toward the midline of the body.
Lateral - Correct answer-To the side, away from the midline of the body.
Proximal - Correct answer-Closer to the torso.
Distal - Correct answer-Farther away from the torso.
Integumentary system - Correct answer-Largest organ and system; natural protective covering; prevents excessive loss of
water and injury to internal organs.
Normal changes of aging to the integumentary system - Correct answer-Thinner, drier, more fragile skin; less elastic skin;
thinning fatty tissue can cause person to feel colder.
Scabies - Correct answer-A skin infection caused by a tiny mite called sarcoptes scabiei.
Atrophy - Correct answer-The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.
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,Contracture - Correct answer-The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of
activity.
Inflammation - Correct answer-Swelling.
Autoimmune illness - Correct answer-An illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis - Correct answer-A type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful,
resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.
Osteoarthritis - Correct answer-Common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine;
also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Arthritis - Correct answer-Inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
Treatments for arthritis - Correct answer-Anti-inflammatory medications, local applications of heat, ROM exercises,
exercise, diet.
Osteoporosis - Correct answer-A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily.
Menopause - Correct answer-The end of menstruation.
Partial weight-bearing (PWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on
one or both legs.
Non-weight-bearing (NWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support
any body weight on one or both legs.
Full weight-bearing (FWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body
weight (100%) on both legs.
Signs of osteoporosis - Correct answer-Low back pain, stooped posture, loss of height.
Fall prevention - Correct answer-The key to preventing fractures.
Guidelines for care of a new cast - Correct answer-Do not cover until dry, assist with changing positions as ordered, place
the cast on pillows, elevate extremity in cast.
Hip fractures - Correct answer-Cause may be a fall or weakened bones; elderly bones heal slowly.
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, Reasons for hip replacement surgery - Correct answer-Fractured hip that does not heal properly, weakened hip due to aging,
painful and stiff hip.
Care guidelines for hip replacement - Correct answer-Keep often-used items within reach, dress affected side first, do not
rush the resident.
Signs to report after hip replacement surgery - Correct answer-Red, draining, warm, or bleeding incision; increase in pain;
numbness or tingling.
Knee replacement surgery - Correct answer-Performed to relieve severe pain, restore motion to damaged knee, and stabilize
a knee that buckles or gives out.
Recovery time for knee replacement - Correct answer-Generally shorter than for hip replacement.
Care guidelines for knee replacement - Correct answer-Apply special stockings as ordered to prevent blood clots, perform
ankle pumps as ordered.
Nervous system - Correct answer-Control and message center of body; controls and coordinates all body functions.
Normal changes of aging to the nervous system - Correct answer-Slower responses and reflexes, decrease in sensitivity of
nerve endings in skin, some memory loss.
Ways NAs can help with aging - Correct answer-Suggest making lists, placing a calendar in view, allowing time for
decision-making.
Signs to observe and report in the nervous system - Correct answer-Fatigue or pain with movement, shaking or trembling,
inability to move one side of body.
Hemiplegia - Correct answer-Paralysis on one side of the body.
Hemiparesis - Correct answer-Weakness on one side of the body.
Expressive aphasia - Correct answer-Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing.
Receptive aphasia - Correct answer-Difficulty understanding spoken or written words.
Emotional lability - Correct answer-Laughing or crying without any reason or when it is inappropriate.
Dysphagia - Correct answer-Difficulty swallowing.
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Homeostasis - Correct answer-The condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism - Correct answer-Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into
energy or products for use by the body.
Dilate - Correct answer-To widen.
Constrict - Correct answer-To narrow.
Signs - Correct answer-What the NA actually sees, hears, feels, or smells.
Symptoms - Correct answer-Not directly seen by the NA, but are reported by the resident who experiences them.
Anterior or ventral - Correct answer-The front of the body or body part.
Posterior or dorsal - Correct answer-The back of the body or body part.
Superior - Correct answer-Toward the head.
Inferior - Correct answer-Away from the head.
Medial - Correct answer-Toward the midline of the body.
Lateral - Correct answer-To the side, away from the midline of the body.
Proximal - Correct answer-Closer to the torso.
Distal - Correct answer-Farther away from the torso.
Integumentary system - Correct answer-Largest organ and system; natural protective covering; prevents excessive loss of
water and injury to internal organs.
Normal changes of aging to the integumentary system - Correct answer-Thinner, drier, more fragile skin; less elastic skin;
thinning fatty tissue can cause person to feel colder.
Scabies - Correct answer-A skin infection caused by a tiny mite called sarcoptes scabiei.
Atrophy - Correct answer-The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.
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,Contracture - Correct answer-The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of
activity.
Inflammation - Correct answer-Swelling.
Autoimmune illness - Correct answer-An illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis - Correct answer-A type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful,
resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.
Osteoarthritis - Correct answer-Common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine;
also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Arthritis - Correct answer-Inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
Treatments for arthritis - Correct answer-Anti-inflammatory medications, local applications of heat, ROM exercises,
exercise, diet.
Osteoporosis - Correct answer-A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily.
Menopause - Correct answer-The end of menstruation.
Partial weight-bearing (PWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on
one or both legs.
Non-weight-bearing (NWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support
any body weight on one or both legs.
Full weight-bearing (FWB) - Correct answer-A doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body
weight (100%) on both legs.
Signs of osteoporosis - Correct answer-Low back pain, stooped posture, loss of height.
Fall prevention - Correct answer-The key to preventing fractures.
Guidelines for care of a new cast - Correct answer-Do not cover until dry, assist with changing positions as ordered, place
the cast on pillows, elevate extremity in cast.
Hip fractures - Correct answer-Cause may be a fall or weakened bones; elderly bones heal slowly.
© COPYRIGHT 2026,ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Reasons for hip replacement surgery - Correct answer-Fractured hip that does not heal properly, weakened hip due to aging,
painful and stiff hip.
Care guidelines for hip replacement - Correct answer-Keep often-used items within reach, dress affected side first, do not
rush the resident.
Signs to report after hip replacement surgery - Correct answer-Red, draining, warm, or bleeding incision; increase in pain;
numbness or tingling.
Knee replacement surgery - Correct answer-Performed to relieve severe pain, restore motion to damaged knee, and stabilize
a knee that buckles or gives out.
Recovery time for knee replacement - Correct answer-Generally shorter than for hip replacement.
Care guidelines for knee replacement - Correct answer-Apply special stockings as ordered to prevent blood clots, perform
ankle pumps as ordered.
Nervous system - Correct answer-Control and message center of body; controls and coordinates all body functions.
Normal changes of aging to the nervous system - Correct answer-Slower responses and reflexes, decrease in sensitivity of
nerve endings in skin, some memory loss.
Ways NAs can help with aging - Correct answer-Suggest making lists, placing a calendar in view, allowing time for
decision-making.
Signs to observe and report in the nervous system - Correct answer-Fatigue or pain with movement, shaking or trembling,
inability to move one side of body.
Hemiplegia - Correct answer-Paralysis on one side of the body.
Hemiparesis - Correct answer-Weakness on one side of the body.
Expressive aphasia - Correct answer-Trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing.
Receptive aphasia - Correct answer-Difficulty understanding spoken or written words.
Emotional lability - Correct answer-Laughing or crying without any reason or when it is inappropriate.
Dysphagia - Correct answer-Difficulty swallowing.
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