Fundamentals of Python Syntax and Programming

​Programming in Python Study Guide​
​Written by Joseph Lee​




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​NOTICES​​..............................................................................................................................................................​​3​
​Code​​Snipping​​.................................................................................................................................................​​3​
​Installing​​Python​​.................................................................................................................................................​​4​
​Step​​1:​​Downloading​​python​​...........................................................................................................................​​4​
​Step​​2:​​Downloading​​an​​IDE​​...........................................................................................................................​​4​
​Python​​Fundamentals​​.........................................................................................................................................​​5​




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​Data​​Types​​....................................................................................................................................................................​​5​




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​Strings​​......................................................................................................................................................................​​5​
​Integers​​...................................................................................................................................................................​​5​
​Floats​​.........................................................................................................................................................................​​5​
​Booleans​​.................................................................................................................................................................​​5​
​Basic​​Mathematical​​Operations​​................................................................................................................​​6​




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​Comparison​​Operators​​........................................................................................................................​​6​
​Logic​​Gates​​.....................................................................................................................................................​​7​
​AND​​...........................................................................................................................................................​​7​
​OR​​.............................................................................................................................................................​​7​
​NOT​​...........................................................................................................................................................​​8​
​Data​​Structures/Containers​​................................................................................................................................​​8​
​Python​​Syntax​​I​.................................................................................................................................................​​10​
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​Fundamental​​Rules​​.......................................................................................................................................​​10​
​Declaration​​&​​Definition​​...........................................................................................................................​​10​
​Declaration​​........................................................................................................................................​​10​
​Example​​1:​​...................................................................................................................................​​10​
​Example​​2:​​...................................................................................................................................​​10​
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​Definition​​............................................................................................................................................​​10​
​Example​​1:​​...................................................................................................................................​​10​
​Example​​2:​​...................................................................................................................................​​11​
​Indentation​​...............................................................................................................................................​​11​
​Example​​1:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​11​
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​Example​​2:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​12​
​Colons​​.....................................................................................................................................................​​12​
​Example​​1:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​12​
​Example​​2:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​12​
​If,​​elif,​​and​​else​​statements​​............................................................................................................................​​13​
​if​​statements​​............................................................................................................................................​​13​
​elif​​statements​​.........................................................................................................................................​​13​
​else​​statements​​.......................................................................................................................................​​13​
​While​​loops​​and​​for​​loops​​..............................................................................................................................​​15​
​While​​loops​​..............................................................................................................................................​​15​
​Terminating​ ​loop​​...............................................................................................................................​​15​

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​Infinite/Forever​​loop​​...........................................................................................................................​​15​
​For​​loops​​.................................................................................................................................................​​15​
​Python​​Syntax​​II​​................................................................................................................................................​​16​
​Modules​​and​​Libraries​​...................................................................................................................................​​16​
​Import,​​From,​​and​​As​​...............................................................................................................................​​16​
​Import​​................................................................................................................................................​​16​
​From​​..................................................................................................................................................​​16​




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​As​​......................................................................................................................................................​​17​




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​Basic​​Modules​​.........................................................................................................................................​​17​
​Calling​​Functions​​...............................................................................................................................​​17​
​Example​​1:​​...................................................................................................................................​​17​
​Example​​2:​​...................................................................................................................................​​17​
​Example​​3:​​...................................................................................................................................​​17​




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​Functions​​....................................................................................................................................................................​​18​
​Void​​functions​​&​​Value​​Returning​​functions​​.............................................................................................​​18​
​Creating​​functions​​...................................................................................................................................​​18​
​Function​​Calls​​..........................................................................................................................................​​18​
​Function​​Vocabulary​​................................................................................................................................​​19​
​Python​​Syntax​​III​​...............................................................................................................................................​​20​
​Try,​​Except,​​Finally​​........................................................................................................................................​​20​
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​Try​​...........................................................................................................................................................​​20​
​Except​​.....................................................................................................................................................​​20​
​Example​​1:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​20​
​Example​​2:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​21​
​Finally​​......................................................................................................................................................​​21​
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​Example​​1:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​21​
​Open,​​and​​With​​.............................................................................................................................................​​22​
​Open​​........................................................................................................................................................​​22​
​With​​.........................................................................................................................................................​​22​
​Example​​File:​​.....................................................................................................................................​​23​
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​Example​​1:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​23​
​Example​​2A:​​......................................................................................................................................​​23​
​Example​​2B:​​......................................................................................................................................​​24​
​Example​​3:​​.........................................................................................................................................​​24​
​Modules​​and​​Libraries​​......................................................................................................................................​​24​
​Turtle​​Graphics​​..............................................................................................................................................​​24​
​Basics​​......................................................................................................................................................​​25​
​Importing​​Turtle​​..................................................................................................................................​​25​
​Creating​​The​​Turtle​​Object​​................................................................................................................​​25​
​Basic​​Movement​​................................................................................................................................​​25​
​Pen​​Control​​........................................................................................................................................​​25​