WGU D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional
Science Final Exam Actual 2025/2026 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
Section 1: Macronutrients & Energy Metabolism (14 Questions)
Q1: Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram when metabolized?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Lipid [CORRECT]
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids provide 9 calories per gram, which is more than carbohydrates or
protein (4 calories per gram) and alcohol (7 calories per gram).
Q2: During prolonged fasting, which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for
converting amino acids into glucose?
A. Glycolysis
B. Lipogenesis
C. Gluconeogenesis [CORRECT]
D. Glycogenesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from
non-carbohydrate precursors, including amino acids, during prolonged fasting to
maintain blood glucose levels.
Q3: Which type of carbohydrate is composed of long chains of glucose units and is
the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
A. Cellulose
B. Glycogen [CORRECT]
C. Starch
D. Fructose
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as the
primary carbohydrate storage form in animals, primarily stored in the liver and
skeletal muscle.
Q4: A nutrition educator is explaining complete proteins to a group of students.
Which food source provides all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions?
A. Brown rice
B. Black beans
C. Eggs [CORRECT]
D. Peanuts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eggs are a complete protein source because they contain all nine
essential amino acids in proportions that meet human physiological requirements.
Q5: Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting dietary triglycerides from the
intestine to peripheral tissues?
A. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
C. Chylomicrons [CORRECT]
D. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chylomicrons are formed in the intestinal mucosa and transport dietary
triglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine to peripheral tissues via the
lymphatic system.
Q6: [Data Question] A client consumes 2,200 calories per day with 55% of calories
from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, and 15% from protein. How many grams of
carbohydrates does the client consume daily?
A. 220 grams
B. 275 grams
C. 302.5 grams [CORRECT]
D. 330 grams
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram; 55% of 2,200 calories is 1,210
calories from carbohydrates, which equals 1,210 ÷ 4 = 302.5 grams.
Q7: Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose
and promotes cellular glucose uptake?
A. Glucagon
, B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to
elevated blood glucose and facilitates the transport of glucose into cells for energy
or storage.
Q8: Which type of fatty acid has no double bonds between carbon atoms and is
typically solid at room temperature?
A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid
B. Monounsaturated fatty acid
C. Saturated fatty acid [CORRECT]
D. Trans fatty acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fatty acids contain no carbon-carbon double bonds, allowing the
fatty acid chains to pack closely together, which makes them solid at room
temperature.
Q9: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for adults
is what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 5–15%
B. 10–35% [CORRECT]
C. 20–45%
D. 45–65%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The AMDR for protein established by the Food and Nutrition Board is 10%
to 35% of total daily calories for adults to support physiological functions and
maintain health.
Q10: Which metabolic process breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
of the cell, producing a net gain of two ATP molecules?
A. Citric acid cycle
B. Electron transport chain
C. Glycolysis [CORRECT]
D. Beta-oxidation
Correct Answer: C
Science Final Exam Actual 2025/2026 with Detailed
Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+
Graded
Section 1: Macronutrients & Energy Metabolism (14 Questions)
Q1: Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram when metabolized?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Lipid [CORRECT]
D. Alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids provide 9 calories per gram, which is more than carbohydrates or
protein (4 calories per gram) and alcohol (7 calories per gram).
Q2: During prolonged fasting, which metabolic pathway is primarily responsible for
converting amino acids into glucose?
A. Glycolysis
B. Lipogenesis
C. Gluconeogenesis [CORRECT]
D. Glycogenesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from
non-carbohydrate precursors, including amino acids, during prolonged fasting to
maintain blood glucose levels.
Q3: Which type of carbohydrate is composed of long chains of glucose units and is
the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
A. Cellulose
B. Glycogen [CORRECT]
C. Starch
D. Fructose
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as the
primary carbohydrate storage form in animals, primarily stored in the liver and
skeletal muscle.
Q4: A nutrition educator is explaining complete proteins to a group of students.
Which food source provides all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions?
A. Brown rice
B. Black beans
C. Eggs [CORRECT]
D. Peanuts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eggs are a complete protein source because they contain all nine
essential amino acids in proportions that meet human physiological requirements.
Q5: Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting dietary triglycerides from the
intestine to peripheral tissues?
A. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
C. Chylomicrons [CORRECT]
D. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chylomicrons are formed in the intestinal mucosa and transport dietary
triglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine to peripheral tissues via the
lymphatic system.
Q6: [Data Question] A client consumes 2,200 calories per day with 55% of calories
from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, and 15% from protein. How many grams of
carbohydrates does the client consume daily?
A. 220 grams
B. 275 grams
C. 302.5 grams [CORRECT]
D. 330 grams
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram; 55% of 2,200 calories is 1,210
calories from carbohydrates, which equals 1,210 ÷ 4 = 302.5 grams.
Q7: Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose
and promotes cellular glucose uptake?
A. Glucagon
, B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to
elevated blood glucose and facilitates the transport of glucose into cells for energy
or storage.
Q8: Which type of fatty acid has no double bonds between carbon atoms and is
typically solid at room temperature?
A. Polyunsaturated fatty acid
B. Monounsaturated fatty acid
C. Saturated fatty acid [CORRECT]
D. Trans fatty acid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fatty acids contain no carbon-carbon double bonds, allowing the
fatty acid chains to pack closely together, which makes them solid at room
temperature.
Q9: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein for adults
is what percentage of total daily calories?
A. 5–15%
B. 10–35% [CORRECT]
C. 20–45%
D. 45–65%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The AMDR for protein established by the Food and Nutrition Board is 10%
to 35% of total daily calories for adults to support physiological functions and
maintain health.
Q10: Which metabolic process breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
of the cell, producing a net gain of two ATP molecules?
A. Citric acid cycle
B. Electron transport chain
C. Glycolysis [CORRECT]
D. Beta-oxidation
Correct Answer: C
