,BIOD 351 Module 2 | Pharmacology | Portage Learning
| Questions & Verified Answers | 2026 Edition
1. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "Rest and Digest" response?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "Rest and Digest" response,
promoting activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as salivation, digestion, and slowing of the
heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system controls the "Fight or Flight" response. The somatic and
enteric systems serve different functions.
2. A patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Which medication would be most appropriate to
administer?
A) Diphenhydramine
B) Epinephrine
C) Cimetidine
D) Loratadine
Correct Answer: Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its potent vasoconstrictor and
bronchodilator effects. It rapidly reverses hypotension and bronchospasm. Antihistamines like
diphenhydramine and cimetidine are used as adjunctive therapy but are not primary treatments for
acute anaphylaxis.
3. Which statement about OTC medication regulation is TRUE?
,A) OTC medications do not require FDA approval
B) OTC medications must include a "Drug Facts" label
C) All OTC medications are available without any age restrictions
D) OTC medications are not tested for safety
Correct Answer: OTC medications must include a "Drug Facts" label
Rationale: The FDA requires all OTC medications to include a standardized "Drug Facts" label that
provides information about active ingredients, uses, warnings, directions, and other important
information. OTC medications do require FDA approval for safety and efficacy before they can be
marketed.
4. What is the name of the receptor that medications like cimetidine block?
A) H1 receptor
B) H2 receptor
C) Beta-1 receptor
D) Alpha-1 receptor
Correct Answer: H2 receptor
Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach,
reducing gastric acid secretion. H1 receptor antagonists like loratadine and diphenhydramine are used
for allergic conditions. Beta and alpha receptors are targets for other classes of medications.
5. What is the name of the receptor that medications like loratadine block?
A) H1 receptor
B) H2 receptor
C) Muscarinic receptor
D) Nicotinic receptor
, Correct Answer: H1 receptor
Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist used to treat allergic rhinitis and
urticaria. H1 receptor antagonists block the effects of histamine at H1 receptors, reducing symptoms
such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. H2 receptor antagonists, in contrast, block histamine
receptors in the stomach.
6. Which of the following is a common anticholinergic effect?
A) Diarrhea
B) Dry mouth
C) Bradycardia
D) Miosis
Correct Answer: Dry mouth
Rationale: Anticholinergic effects result from blocking muscarinic receptors and include dry mouth, dry
eyes, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia. Diarrhea is a cholinergic effect,
bradycardia is a parasympathetic effect, and miosis (pupil constriction) is also a cholinergic effect.
7. A patient is taking an OTC antihistamine for seasonal allergies. Which side effect is most commonly
associated with first-generation antihistamines?
A) Insomnia
B) Sedation
C) Hypertension
D) Tachycardia
Correct Answer: Sedation
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, cross the blood-brain barrier and
cause significant sedation due to central H1 receptor blockade. Second-generation antihistamines like
loratadine and cetirizine are less sedating because they do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
| Questions & Verified Answers | 2026 Edition
1. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "Rest and Digest" response?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "Rest and Digest" response,
promoting activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as salivation, digestion, and slowing of the
heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system controls the "Fight or Flight" response. The somatic and
enteric systems serve different functions.
2. A patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Which medication would be most appropriate to
administer?
A) Diphenhydramine
B) Epinephrine
C) Cimetidine
D) Loratadine
Correct Answer: Epinephrine
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis due to its potent vasoconstrictor and
bronchodilator effects. It rapidly reverses hypotension and bronchospasm. Antihistamines like
diphenhydramine and cimetidine are used as adjunctive therapy but are not primary treatments for
acute anaphylaxis.
3. Which statement about OTC medication regulation is TRUE?
,A) OTC medications do not require FDA approval
B) OTC medications must include a "Drug Facts" label
C) All OTC medications are available without any age restrictions
D) OTC medications are not tested for safety
Correct Answer: OTC medications must include a "Drug Facts" label
Rationale: The FDA requires all OTC medications to include a standardized "Drug Facts" label that
provides information about active ingredients, uses, warnings, directions, and other important
information. OTC medications do require FDA approval for safety and efficacy before they can be
marketed.
4. What is the name of the receptor that medications like cimetidine block?
A) H1 receptor
B) H2 receptor
C) Beta-1 receptor
D) Alpha-1 receptor
Correct Answer: H2 receptor
Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that blocks histamine H2 receptors in the stomach,
reducing gastric acid secretion. H1 receptor antagonists like loratadine and diphenhydramine are used
for allergic conditions. Beta and alpha receptors are targets for other classes of medications.
5. What is the name of the receptor that medications like loratadine block?
A) H1 receptor
B) H2 receptor
C) Muscarinic receptor
D) Nicotinic receptor
, Correct Answer: H1 receptor
Rationale: Loratadine is a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist used to treat allergic rhinitis and
urticaria. H1 receptor antagonists block the effects of histamine at H1 receptors, reducing symptoms
such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. H2 receptor antagonists, in contrast, block histamine
receptors in the stomach.
6. Which of the following is a common anticholinergic effect?
A) Diarrhea
B) Dry mouth
C) Bradycardia
D) Miosis
Correct Answer: Dry mouth
Rationale: Anticholinergic effects result from blocking muscarinic receptors and include dry mouth, dry
eyes, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and tachycardia. Diarrhea is a cholinergic effect,
bradycardia is a parasympathetic effect, and miosis (pupil constriction) is also a cholinergic effect.
7. A patient is taking an OTC antihistamine for seasonal allergies. Which side effect is most commonly
associated with first-generation antihistamines?
A) Insomnia
B) Sedation
C) Hypertension
D) Tachycardia
Correct Answer: Sedation
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, cross the blood-brain barrier and
cause significant sedation due to central H1 receptor blockade. Second-generation antihistamines like
loratadine and cetirizine are less sedating because they do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
