Biology 1407 Chapter 25, 26, 27, and 28 Questions With
Complete Solutions
"SAR Clade" Correct Answers contains 3 large and very
diverse clades: Stramenopila, alveolata, and Rhizaria
A phylogenetic tree represents Correct Answers a hypothesis
about evolutionary relationships
a rooted tree Correct Answers includes a branch to represent
the last common ancestor of all taxa in the tree.
adaptive radiation Correct Answers periods of evolutionary
change in which groups of organisms form many new species
whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles,
or niches, in their communities.
adaptive radiation may: Correct Answers follow mass
extinctions (has occurred after each of the 5)
Lead to the evolution of novel characteristics (armored body
coverings)
Lead to the colonization of new regions where there was little
competition from other species.
Alkaline Vents Correct Answers Release water that has a high
pH (9-11) and is warm (40-90 degrees Celsius) rather than hot,
an environment that may have been more suitable for the origin
of life.
Alveolata Correct Answers photosynthetic organisms &
pathogens such as plasmodium (causes Malaria)
,Alveolates Correct Answers membrane-bound sacs just under
cell's plasma membrane, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates
Amoebas Correct Answers that move and feed by pseudopodia
some but not all belong to clade Rhizaria
Amoebozoans Correct Answers Amoeba that have lobe- or
tube-shaped, rather than threadlike, pseudopodia include slime
molds, tubulinids, entamoebas
an in important feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is their
Correct Answers Cell wall which maintains cell shape. ,protects
the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic
environment. ( especially in fresh water based on osmosis)
anaerobic prokaryotes Correct Answers Bacteria that live
without oxygen
First living things on Earth that were abundant at one time but
with the increase of O2 in the atmosphere, their numbers
decreased.
analogy Correct Answers similarity between organisms that is
due to convergent solution.
Animal Phyla Correct Answers Typically defined according to
adult body plans and patterns of embryological development.
DNA analyses suggest that these diverged before the Cambrian
explosion, perhaps as early as 700 million to 1 billion years ago.
Fossils in China provide evidence of modern *term* tens of
millions of years before the Cambrian explosion.
,Apicomplexans Correct Answers parasite of animals and some
cause serious human diseases. Plasmodium is the parasite the
causes malaria
Ex. carried by mosquitos
Archaea share certain traits with Correct Answers bacteria and
other traits with eukaryotes
Archaea such as Correct Answers Methanogens live in swamps
and marshes and produce methane as a waste product, strict
anaerobes and are poisoned by O2
Archael cell walls Correct Answers contain polysaccharides
and proteins but lack peptidoglycan
Archaeplastida Correct Answers includes red algae, green
algae, and land plants
Archaeplastida Correct Answers the supergroup that includes
red algae, green algae, and land plants
Bacilli Correct Answers Rod shaped (bacilli)
Bacteria include the Correct Answers vast majority of
prokaryotes of which most people are aware
Bacterial cell walls Correct Answers contain peptidoglycan, a
network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides.
, Bacterial flagella are Correct Answers Composed of a motor,
hook, and filament
basal taxon Correct Answers a lineage that diverges from all
other members of its group early in the history of the group and
originates near the common ancestor of the group.
Belgica Antarctica Correct Answers (Antarctica midge) is a
species of flightless midge, endemic to the continent of
Antarctica. at 2-6 mm long, it is the largest purely terrestrial
animal on the continent, as well as its only insect
Binary fission of prokaryotic cell division Correct Answers 1-
chromosome replication begins 2- replication continues 3-
replication finishes 4- two daughter cells result
binomial Correct Answers The two-part format of the scientific
name was instituted in the 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus.
binomial first part and second part meanings Correct Answers
genus and the other is unique for each species within the genus.
Biromediation Correct Answers the use of organism to remove
pollutants from the environment
branch point Correct Answers represents the common ancestor
of the two evolutionary lineages diverging from it.
branch point Correct Answers represents the divergence of two
species aka speciation
Complete Solutions
"SAR Clade" Correct Answers contains 3 large and very
diverse clades: Stramenopila, alveolata, and Rhizaria
A phylogenetic tree represents Correct Answers a hypothesis
about evolutionary relationships
a rooted tree Correct Answers includes a branch to represent
the last common ancestor of all taxa in the tree.
adaptive radiation Correct Answers periods of evolutionary
change in which groups of organisms form many new species
whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles,
or niches, in their communities.
adaptive radiation may: Correct Answers follow mass
extinctions (has occurred after each of the 5)
Lead to the evolution of novel characteristics (armored body
coverings)
Lead to the colonization of new regions where there was little
competition from other species.
Alkaline Vents Correct Answers Release water that has a high
pH (9-11) and is warm (40-90 degrees Celsius) rather than hot,
an environment that may have been more suitable for the origin
of life.
Alveolata Correct Answers photosynthetic organisms &
pathogens such as plasmodium (causes Malaria)
,Alveolates Correct Answers membrane-bound sacs just under
cell's plasma membrane, dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates
Amoebas Correct Answers that move and feed by pseudopodia
some but not all belong to clade Rhizaria
Amoebozoans Correct Answers Amoeba that have lobe- or
tube-shaped, rather than threadlike, pseudopodia include slime
molds, tubulinids, entamoebas
an in important feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is their
Correct Answers Cell wall which maintains cell shape. ,protects
the cell, and prevents it from bursting in a hypotonic
environment. ( especially in fresh water based on osmosis)
anaerobic prokaryotes Correct Answers Bacteria that live
without oxygen
First living things on Earth that were abundant at one time but
with the increase of O2 in the atmosphere, their numbers
decreased.
analogy Correct Answers similarity between organisms that is
due to convergent solution.
Animal Phyla Correct Answers Typically defined according to
adult body plans and patterns of embryological development.
DNA analyses suggest that these diverged before the Cambrian
explosion, perhaps as early as 700 million to 1 billion years ago.
Fossils in China provide evidence of modern *term* tens of
millions of years before the Cambrian explosion.
,Apicomplexans Correct Answers parasite of animals and some
cause serious human diseases. Plasmodium is the parasite the
causes malaria
Ex. carried by mosquitos
Archaea share certain traits with Correct Answers bacteria and
other traits with eukaryotes
Archaea such as Correct Answers Methanogens live in swamps
and marshes and produce methane as a waste product, strict
anaerobes and are poisoned by O2
Archael cell walls Correct Answers contain polysaccharides
and proteins but lack peptidoglycan
Archaeplastida Correct Answers includes red algae, green
algae, and land plants
Archaeplastida Correct Answers the supergroup that includes
red algae, green algae, and land plants
Bacilli Correct Answers Rod shaped (bacilli)
Bacteria include the Correct Answers vast majority of
prokaryotes of which most people are aware
Bacterial cell walls Correct Answers contain peptidoglycan, a
network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides.
, Bacterial flagella are Correct Answers Composed of a motor,
hook, and filament
basal taxon Correct Answers a lineage that diverges from all
other members of its group early in the history of the group and
originates near the common ancestor of the group.
Belgica Antarctica Correct Answers (Antarctica midge) is a
species of flightless midge, endemic to the continent of
Antarctica. at 2-6 mm long, it is the largest purely terrestrial
animal on the continent, as well as its only insect
Binary fission of prokaryotic cell division Correct Answers 1-
chromosome replication begins 2- replication continues 3-
replication finishes 4- two daughter cells result
binomial Correct Answers The two-part format of the scientific
name was instituted in the 18th century by Carolus Linnaeus.
binomial first part and second part meanings Correct Answers
genus and the other is unique for each species within the genus.
Biromediation Correct Answers the use of organism to remove
pollutants from the environment
branch point Correct Answers represents the common ancestor
of the two evolutionary lineages diverging from it.
branch point Correct Answers represents the divergence of two
species aka speciation
