Latest 2026 Update
Q: level system
Answer:
A component of some token economy systems in which participants advance
up (or down) through a succession of levels contingent on their behavior at the
current level.
The performance criterion and sophistication or difficulty of the behaviors required
at each
level are higher than those of preceding levels; as participants advance to higher
levels, they
gain access to more desirable reinforcers, increased privileges, and greater
independence.
Q: self-contract
Answer:
Contingency contract that a person makes with himself, incorporating a self-
selected task and reward as well as personal monitoring of task completions and
self-delivery of
the reward.
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Latest 2026 Update
Q: token
Answer:
An object that is awarded contingent on appropriate behavior and that serves as the
medium of exchange for backup reinforcers.
Q: token economy
Answer:
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some
sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various
privileges or
treats
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Q: habit reversal
Answer:
..., A multiple-component treatment package for reducing unwanted habits
such as fingernail biting and muscle tics; treatment typically includes self-awareness
training
involving response detection and procedures for identifying events that preced and
trigger the
response; competing response training; and motivation techniques including
self-administered
consequences, social support systems, and procedures for promoting the
generalization and
maintenance of treatment gains.
Q: massed practice
Answer:
..., A self-directed behavior change technique in which the person forces
himself to perform an undesired behavior (e.g., a compulsive ritual) repeatedly,
which
sometimes decreases the future frequency of the behavior.
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Latest 2026 Update
Q: self-control
Answer:
..., two meanings: a person's ability to "delay gratification" by emitting a
response that will produce a larger delayed reward over a response that produces a
smaller but
immediate reward OR a person's behaving in a certain way so as to change a
subsequent
Q: behavior. Skinner conceptualized self-control as a two-response phenomenon:
The controlling
Answer:
response affects variables in such a way as to change the probability of the controlled
response