PNR 408 TEST #1 2026 Exam
Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
When monitoring a client with prolonged vomiting for fluid volume deficit,
what does the nurse recognize about fluid shifts that occur as a result of
vomiting?
A.Fluid moves from the cells into the interstitial space and the blood
vessels.
,B.Fluid moves from the vascular system, causing cellular swelling and
rupture.
C.An overload of extracellular fluid occurs with a significant increase in
intracellular fluid volume.
D.Excretion of large amounts of interstitial fluid occurs with depletion of
extracellular fluids. - ANSWER ✔✔A
Prolonged vomiting can lead to a 2nd space shift
A client is taking hydrochlorothiazide for treatment of hypertension. What
symptoms should the nurse teach the client to report?
A.Anxiety and muscle twitching
B.Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
C.Fatigue and muscle weakness
D.Confusion and personality changes - ANSWER ✔✔C -
HYPOKALEMIA
A - hypocalcemia
,B - hypERkalemia
D - hypomagnesemia
A client who has required prolonged mechanical ventilation has the
following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PO2 85 mm Hg, PCO2 32
mm Hg, and HCO3- 25 mmol/L. How would the nurse interpret these
results?
A.Metabolic acidosis
B.Metabolic alkalosis
C.Respiratory acidosis
D.Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER ✔✔D
pH is HIGH = alkaline
PCO2 is altered = RESP
When PCO2 is low, pH will be higher (alkaline), and when PCO2 is high,
pH will be low (acidic)
The physician has written an order for a client to receive 0.9% NaCl @
125mL/hr.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -What other information is needed to run the rate manually?
-Where can this information be found?
-What is the gtts/min? - ANSWER ✔✔Drop factor!
You can find this on the package for IV tubing.
125ml/60min = 2.08
2.08ml/minx10gtts/ml = 21gtts/min
You are administering Cefoxitin 250 mg IV in 50 mL NS over 20 minutes.
At what rate per hour will you program the secondary IV line to infuse? -
ANSWER ✔✔50ml/20min = 150ml/hr
A patient with acute blood loss requires a transfusion with packed red
blood cells. Which task is appropriate for the nurse to delegate to
nursing assistive personnel (NAP)?
A.Monitor the patient for shortness of breath and back pain.
B.Confirm the IV solution is 0.9% saline.
C.Obtain and record the vital signs before the transfusion is initiated.
Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
When monitoring a client with prolonged vomiting for fluid volume deficit,
what does the nurse recognize about fluid shifts that occur as a result of
vomiting?
A.Fluid moves from the cells into the interstitial space and the blood
vessels.
,B.Fluid moves from the vascular system, causing cellular swelling and
rupture.
C.An overload of extracellular fluid occurs with a significant increase in
intracellular fluid volume.
D.Excretion of large amounts of interstitial fluid occurs with depletion of
extracellular fluids. - ANSWER ✔✔A
Prolonged vomiting can lead to a 2nd space shift
A client is taking hydrochlorothiazide for treatment of hypertension. What
symptoms should the nurse teach the client to report?
A.Anxiety and muscle twitching
B.Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
C.Fatigue and muscle weakness
D.Confusion and personality changes - ANSWER ✔✔C -
HYPOKALEMIA
A - hypocalcemia
,B - hypERkalemia
D - hypomagnesemia
A client who has required prolonged mechanical ventilation has the
following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PO2 85 mm Hg, PCO2 32
mm Hg, and HCO3- 25 mmol/L. How would the nurse interpret these
results?
A.Metabolic acidosis
B.Metabolic alkalosis
C.Respiratory acidosis
D.Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER ✔✔D
pH is HIGH = alkaline
PCO2 is altered = RESP
When PCO2 is low, pH will be higher (alkaline), and when PCO2 is high,
pH will be low (acidic)
The physician has written an order for a client to receive 0.9% NaCl @
125mL/hr.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -What other information is needed to run the rate manually?
-Where can this information be found?
-What is the gtts/min? - ANSWER ✔✔Drop factor!
You can find this on the package for IV tubing.
125ml/60min = 2.08
2.08ml/minx10gtts/ml = 21gtts/min
You are administering Cefoxitin 250 mg IV in 50 mL NS over 20 minutes.
At what rate per hour will you program the secondary IV line to infuse? -
ANSWER ✔✔50ml/20min = 150ml/hr
A patient with acute blood loss requires a transfusion with packed red
blood cells. Which task is appropriate for the nurse to delegate to
nursing assistive personnel (NAP)?
A.Monitor the patient for shortness of breath and back pain.
B.Confirm the IV solution is 0.9% saline.
C.Obtain and record the vital signs before the transfusion is initiated.
