Classics 2902A Midterm 2 2026
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Types of surgery - ANSWER ✔✔- Fractures
- Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery: urinary, fistula, tumors, etc
- Eye surgery
- Combat wounds
- Surgery relating to female reproduction (C-Sections, abortion)
- Dental surgery, dental bridgework
Known Surgeons - ANSWER ✔✔- Erasistratus (3rd c BCE,
Alexandra): competent surgeon, especially abdominal
,- Philoxenus (fl. 75-70 BCE): expert for tumors
- Ammonius (3rd c BCE, Alexandria): Method for crushing bladder
stones:
Attitudes towards surgery - ANSWER ✔✔Evidence for surgery is very
fragmentary; most of our evidence comes from Alexandria where
surgery flourished
Surgery: Highlights over time - ANSWER ✔✔_- Emphasis on speed
- Robert Liston (19th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
- William Cheselden (18th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 1
minute
- Surgeons of Liston's time: "SPEEDY" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2
assistant's fingers
Speed limits the quality of surgery
Limitations of Surgery - ANSWER ✔✔1. Lack of power antiseptics
(chemical agents that prevent infection)
2. Sepsis - serious condition in which the body responds improperly to
infection
Types of Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔Physical
, inhalation/ingestion
Psychological
Physical Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔- knock out method
- compression of jugular veins
- aritifcal bleeding
Pyschological Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔- Hypnotism
- Meditations
Inhalation/ingestion - ANSWER ✔✔- Advantage: easily adjusted if
administered too much
Poppy - ANSWER ✔✔- best and longest known, most useful
- crushed and liquid extracted: slit capsule, let juice exude, dry, scrape
off, roll into ball
- small dose=stimulant, large dose = induces sleep
- Diagoras and Erasistrauts: Dangers of opium dosage
Hyoscymus (medicinal plant) - ANSWER ✔✔- species of wild poppy
- ancient Indian medicine: anesthetic used for c-sections
Hemlock - ANSWER ✔✔- local anesthetic
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Expert Verifed Ace the Test
Types of surgery - ANSWER ✔✔- Fractures
- Rhinoplasty, ear, throat surgery: urinary, fistula, tumors, etc
- Eye surgery
- Combat wounds
- Surgery relating to female reproduction (C-Sections, abortion)
- Dental surgery, dental bridgework
Known Surgeons - ANSWER ✔✔- Erasistratus (3rd c BCE,
Alexandra): competent surgeon, especially abdominal
,- Philoxenus (fl. 75-70 BCE): expert for tumors
- Ammonius (3rd c BCE, Alexandria): Method for crushing bladder
stones:
Attitudes towards surgery - ANSWER ✔✔Evidence for surgery is very
fragmentary; most of our evidence comes from Alexandria where
surgery flourished
Surgery: Highlights over time - ANSWER ✔✔_- Emphasis on speed
- Robert Liston (19th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 2 minutes
- William Cheselden (18th c Surgeon): removed bladder stone in 1
minute
- Surgeons of Liston's time: "SPEEDY" leg amputation + 1 testicle + 2
assistant's fingers
Speed limits the quality of surgery
Limitations of Surgery - ANSWER ✔✔1. Lack of power antiseptics
(chemical agents that prevent infection)
2. Sepsis - serious condition in which the body responds improperly to
infection
Types of Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔Physical
, inhalation/ingestion
Psychological
Physical Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔- knock out method
- compression of jugular veins
- aritifcal bleeding
Pyschological Anesthesia - ANSWER ✔✔- Hypnotism
- Meditations
Inhalation/ingestion - ANSWER ✔✔- Advantage: easily adjusted if
administered too much
Poppy - ANSWER ✔✔- best and longest known, most useful
- crushed and liquid extracted: slit capsule, let juice exude, dry, scrape
off, roll into ball
- small dose=stimulant, large dose = induces sleep
- Diagoras and Erasistrauts: Dangers of opium dosage
Hyoscymus (medicinal plant) - ANSWER ✔✔- species of wild poppy
- ancient Indian medicine: anesthetic used for c-sections
Hemlock - ANSWER ✔✔- local anesthetic
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
