Bio 2A03 Final Exam Prep 2026
Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
What are two factors that influence phenotypes? - ANSWER
✔✔genetics and the environment in both adulthood and development
What can physiological variation lead to? - ANSWER ✔✔it can
influence performance and reproductive success -> physiology evolved
over time (because environments change) and contributes to animal
biodiversity
,What are the unifying themes in physiology? - ANSWER ✔✔1-
Integrative
2- Obeys the laws of chemistry and physics
3- physiological processes are often regulated
4- Physiological processes are shaped by evolution
How is physiology integrative? - ANSWER ✔✔looks are how
organisms work across multiple levels of biological organization ->
understanding it helps us understand ecology and conservation eg.
Porcelain crabs being impacted by the climate change because warming
temperatures impact their heart's function
How does physiology obey the laws of chemistry and physics? -
ANSWER ✔✔physiology relies on processes like diffusion for
instance diffusion of oxygen to cells in organisms. Knowing that diffusion
is important that helps us understand the effects of temperature on
physiology (things like enzyme kinetics or how electrical potentials
work). Understanding physics and electricity. Things like mechanical
theory with flow pressure resistance and tissue properties
Why do larger animals have proportionally thicker limb bones than
smaller animals? - ANSWER ✔✔bone strength is determined by
,bone diameter. larger animals have a larger volume and therefore to
support more weight they need thicker bones
What two strategies fo animals use to cope with chaining conditions the
external environment? Do they strictly have to follow these strategies? -
ANSWER ✔✔Either regulation or conforming. not necessarily, they
can be regulators for some physiological parameters but conformers for
some others
What is an example of an animal utilizes both regulation and conformity?
- ANSWER ✔✔lizards conform to external temperature, but regulate
internal salt concentration
what is the strategy of a regulatory animal? - ANSWER ✔✔maintain
relatively constant internal conditions?
what is the strategy of a conformer animal? - ANSWER ✔✔allow
internal condition to change
What is homeostasis - ANSWER ✔✔refers to the maintenance of
internal bodily conditions during environmental or there perturbations
how is homeostasis often maintained? - ANSWER ✔✔either through
negative feedback loops or antagonistic controls
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, how do negative feedback loops work? provide an example -
ANSWER ✔✔there a detection of change is the regulated variable
and then there is a response of the regulatory system to oppose the
change -> blood glucose level is regulated via a negative feedback loop:
when it rises following a meal an error signal increases leading to a
regulatory mechanism to be activation causing the level of glucose in the
blood to decrease and thereby decreases the error signal
How do antagonistic controls work?provide and an example -
ANSWER ✔✔they exert opposite effects and often provide fine-tunes
regulation at a 'set point' (e.g. mammalian body temperature, regulated
at 37 degrees)
when body temperature increases -> heat dissipation mechanisms are
active and heat production mechanisms are shut off -> this allows for
fine tunes regulation at a set point
What do animals often (though not always) do in response to prolonged
changes in the environment to improve function? - ANSWER
✔✔They will remodel their physiology machinery in order to perform
better in the new environment.
what is acclimatization? - ANSWER ✔✔this occurs in adults in
response to natural environmental variation and is usually reversible
Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
What are two factors that influence phenotypes? - ANSWER
✔✔genetics and the environment in both adulthood and development
What can physiological variation lead to? - ANSWER ✔✔it can
influence performance and reproductive success -> physiology evolved
over time (because environments change) and contributes to animal
biodiversity
,What are the unifying themes in physiology? - ANSWER ✔✔1-
Integrative
2- Obeys the laws of chemistry and physics
3- physiological processes are often regulated
4- Physiological processes are shaped by evolution
How is physiology integrative? - ANSWER ✔✔looks are how
organisms work across multiple levels of biological organization ->
understanding it helps us understand ecology and conservation eg.
Porcelain crabs being impacted by the climate change because warming
temperatures impact their heart's function
How does physiology obey the laws of chemistry and physics? -
ANSWER ✔✔physiology relies on processes like diffusion for
instance diffusion of oxygen to cells in organisms. Knowing that diffusion
is important that helps us understand the effects of temperature on
physiology (things like enzyme kinetics or how electrical potentials
work). Understanding physics and electricity. Things like mechanical
theory with flow pressure resistance and tissue properties
Why do larger animals have proportionally thicker limb bones than
smaller animals? - ANSWER ✔✔bone strength is determined by
,bone diameter. larger animals have a larger volume and therefore to
support more weight they need thicker bones
What two strategies fo animals use to cope with chaining conditions the
external environment? Do they strictly have to follow these strategies? -
ANSWER ✔✔Either regulation or conforming. not necessarily, they
can be regulators for some physiological parameters but conformers for
some others
What is an example of an animal utilizes both regulation and conformity?
- ANSWER ✔✔lizards conform to external temperature, but regulate
internal salt concentration
what is the strategy of a regulatory animal? - ANSWER ✔✔maintain
relatively constant internal conditions?
what is the strategy of a conformer animal? - ANSWER ✔✔allow
internal condition to change
What is homeostasis - ANSWER ✔✔refers to the maintenance of
internal bodily conditions during environmental or there perturbations
how is homeostasis often maintained? - ANSWER ✔✔either through
negative feedback loops or antagonistic controls
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, how do negative feedback loops work? provide an example -
ANSWER ✔✔there a detection of change is the regulated variable
and then there is a response of the regulatory system to oppose the
change -> blood glucose level is regulated via a negative feedback loop:
when it rises following a meal an error signal increases leading to a
regulatory mechanism to be activation causing the level of glucose in the
blood to decrease and thereby decreases the error signal
How do antagonistic controls work?provide and an example -
ANSWER ✔✔they exert opposite effects and often provide fine-tunes
regulation at a 'set point' (e.g. mammalian body temperature, regulated
at 37 degrees)
when body temperature increases -> heat dissipation mechanisms are
active and heat production mechanisms are shut off -> this allows for
fine tunes regulation at a set point
What do animals often (though not always) do in response to prolonged
changes in the environment to improve function? - ANSWER
✔✔They will remodel their physiology machinery in order to perform
better in the new environment.
what is acclimatization? - ANSWER ✔✔this occurs in adults in
response to natural environmental variation and is usually reversible
