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VI
TU
_S
ED
OV
PR
AP
,AP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Solutions Manual: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 10th Edition
PR By Daniel C. Harris and Charles A. Lucy
Chapter 1 OVChemical Measurements
Chapter 2 Tools of the Trade
Chapter 3 Experimental Error
Chapter 4 Statistics
Chapter 5 Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods
Chapter 6
ED
Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 7 Let the Titrations Begin
Chapter 8 Activity and the Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium
Chapter 9 Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
_S
Chapter 10 Polyprotic Acid-Base Equilibria TU
Chapter 11 Acid-Base Titrations
Chapter 12 EDTA Titrations
Chapter 13 Advanced Topics in Equilibrium VI
Chapter 14 Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
Chapter 15 Electrodes and Potentiometry
Chapter 16 Redox Titrations
Chapter 17 Electroanalytical Techniques
A?
Chapter 18 Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry
Chapter 19 Applications of Spectrophotometry
Chapter 20 Spectrophotometers
?
Chapter 21 Atomic Spectroscopy
Chapter 22 Mass Spectrometry
Chapter 23 Introduction to Analytical Separations
Chapter 24 Gas Chromatography
Chapter 25 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Chapter 26 Chromatographic Methods and Capillary Electrophoresis
1
,AP
Chapter 27 Gravimetric and Combustion Analysis
Chapter 28
PR Sample Preparation
OV
ED
_S
TU
VI
A?
?
2
, CHAPTER 0
AP THE ANALYTICAL PROCESS
0-1. Qualitative analysis finds out what is in a sample. Quantitative analysis measures how much is in a sample.
PR
0-2. Steps in a chemical analysis:
1. Formulate the question: Convert a general question into a specific one that can be answered by a chemical
measurement.
OV
2. Select the appropriate analytical procedure.
3. Obtain a representative sample.
ED
4. Sample preparation: Convert the representative sample into a sample suitable for analysis. If necessary,
concentrate the analyte and remove or mask interfering species.
5. Analysis: Measure the unknown concentration in replicate analyses.
_S
6. Produce a clear report of results, including estimates of uncertainty.
7. Draw conclusions: Based on the analytical results, decide what actions to take.
TU
0-3. Masking converts an interfering species to a noninterfering species.
0-4. A calibration curve shows the response of an analytical method as a function of the known concentration of analyte
VI
in standard solutions. Once the calibration curve is known, then the concentration of an unknown can be deduced from
a measured response.
0-5.
A?
a. A homogeneous material has the same composition everywhere. In a heterogeneous material, the composition is
not the same everywhere. ?
b. In a segregated heterogeneous material, the composition varies on a large scale. There could be large patches
with one composition and large patches with another composition. The differences are segregated into different
regions. In a random heterogeneous material, the differences occur on a fine scale. If we collect a “reasonable-
size” portion, we will capture each of the different compositions that are present.
c. To sample a segregated heterogeneous material, we take representative amounts from each of the obviously
different regions. In panel b in Box 0-1, 66% of the area has composition A, 14% is B, and 20% is C. To
construct a representative bulk sample, we could take 66 randomly selected samples from region A, 14 from
region B, and 20 from region C. To sample a random heterogeneous material, we divide the material into imaginary
segments and collect random segments with the help of a table of random numbers.
0-6. We are apparently observing interference by Mn2+ in the I– analysis by method A. The result of the I– analysis is
2+
affected by the presence of Mn . The greater the concentration of Mn2+ in the mineral water, the greater is the
A?
VI
TU
_S
ED
OV
PR
AP
,AP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Solutions Manual: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 10th Edition
PR By Daniel C. Harris and Charles A. Lucy
Chapter 1 OVChemical Measurements
Chapter 2 Tools of the Trade
Chapter 3 Experimental Error
Chapter 4 Statistics
Chapter 5 Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods
Chapter 6
ED
Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 7 Let the Titrations Begin
Chapter 8 Activity and the Systematic Treatment of Equilibrium
Chapter 9 Monoprotic Acid-Base Equilibria
_S
Chapter 10 Polyprotic Acid-Base Equilibria TU
Chapter 11 Acid-Base Titrations
Chapter 12 EDTA Titrations
Chapter 13 Advanced Topics in Equilibrium VI
Chapter 14 Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
Chapter 15 Electrodes and Potentiometry
Chapter 16 Redox Titrations
Chapter 17 Electroanalytical Techniques
A?
Chapter 18 Fundamentals of Spectrophotometry
Chapter 19 Applications of Spectrophotometry
Chapter 20 Spectrophotometers
?
Chapter 21 Atomic Spectroscopy
Chapter 22 Mass Spectrometry
Chapter 23 Introduction to Analytical Separations
Chapter 24 Gas Chromatography
Chapter 25 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Chapter 26 Chromatographic Methods and Capillary Electrophoresis
1
,AP
Chapter 27 Gravimetric and Combustion Analysis
Chapter 28
PR Sample Preparation
OV
ED
_S
TU
VI
A?
?
2
, CHAPTER 0
AP THE ANALYTICAL PROCESS
0-1. Qualitative analysis finds out what is in a sample. Quantitative analysis measures how much is in a sample.
PR
0-2. Steps in a chemical analysis:
1. Formulate the question: Convert a general question into a specific one that can be answered by a chemical
measurement.
OV
2. Select the appropriate analytical procedure.
3. Obtain a representative sample.
ED
4. Sample preparation: Convert the representative sample into a sample suitable for analysis. If necessary,
concentrate the analyte and remove or mask interfering species.
5. Analysis: Measure the unknown concentration in replicate analyses.
_S
6. Produce a clear report of results, including estimates of uncertainty.
7. Draw conclusions: Based on the analytical results, decide what actions to take.
TU
0-3. Masking converts an interfering species to a noninterfering species.
0-4. A calibration curve shows the response of an analytical method as a function of the known concentration of analyte
VI
in standard solutions. Once the calibration curve is known, then the concentration of an unknown can be deduced from
a measured response.
0-5.
A?
a. A homogeneous material has the same composition everywhere. In a heterogeneous material, the composition is
not the same everywhere. ?
b. In a segregated heterogeneous material, the composition varies on a large scale. There could be large patches
with one composition and large patches with another composition. The differences are segregated into different
regions. In a random heterogeneous material, the differences occur on a fine scale. If we collect a “reasonable-
size” portion, we will capture each of the different compositions that are present.
c. To sample a segregated heterogeneous material, we take representative amounts from each of the obviously
different regions. In panel b in Box 0-1, 66% of the area has composition A, 14% is B, and 20% is C. To
construct a representative bulk sample, we could take 66 randomly selected samples from region A, 14 from
region B, and 20 from region C. To sample a random heterogeneous material, we divide the material into imaginary
segments and collect random segments with the help of a table of random numbers.
0-6. We are apparently observing interference by Mn2+ in the I– analysis by method A. The result of the I– analysis is
2+
affected by the presence of Mn . The greater the concentration of Mn2+ in the mineral water, the greater is the
