Cell Line Engineering
1. What is the primary purpose of cell line engineering in the biopharmaceutical industry?
A) To create genetically identical copies of organisms
B) To manipulate and modify cells to create stable, reproducible cell lines for specific
applications
C) To study the natural behavior of unmodified cells
D) To eliminate the need for animal testing entirely
Answer: B) Cell line engineering is the process of modifying cells to create stable cell lines that
can be used in various applications, including protein production, drug testing, and disease
modeling .
2. Cell line engineering can be broadly defined as:
A) A genetic manipulation designed to improve the production performance of a pre-existing
cell line
B) The process of culturing cells without any modifications
C) The study of cell death mechanisms
D) The identification of new cell types
Answer: A) Cell line engineering is specifically defined as a genetic manipulation designed to
improve the production performance of a pre-existing cell line, often for increasing specific
titers .
3. Which of the following is a key technique used in cell line engineering?
A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only
B) Genetic modification using tools like CRISPR-Cas9
C) Western blotting
D) Cell counting
Answer: B) CRISPR-Cas9 is a primary technique used to introduce or modify genes within a cell
line .
4. The process of "stable cell line generation" refers to:
A) Creating cell lines that can proliferate indefinitely while maintaining introduced genetic
modifications
B) Creating cell lines that only survive for a short time
C) Using cells that do not divide
D) Generating cells without any genetic changes
Answer: A) Stable cell line generation is a necessity for long-term studies, ensuring the cell line
maintains the introduced genetic modifications .
,5. What is the difference between "simple cell line establishment" and "cell line engineering"
according to the concept of genetic approaches?
A) Simple cell line establishment is more complex than cell line engineering
B) Simple cell line establishment occurs without external genetic manipulation, while cell line
engineering is genetic manipulation for improvement
C) Simple cell line establishment is a type of cell line engineering
D) There is no difference
Answer: B) Simple cell line establishment is based on spontaneous immortalization without
external genetic manipulation, whereas cell line engineering is a genetic manipulation designed
to improve production .
6. Which of the following is an example of "induced immortalization" in cell line
development?
A) Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements
B) Integration of immortalizing genes like SV40 large T antigen
C) Natural loss of senescence-related genes
D) Exposure to antibiotics
Answer: B) Induced immortalization relies on chemical agents, physical agents, or the
integration of immortalizing genes like telomerase, SV40 large T antigen, or adenovirus E1
genes .
7. HEK293 and PER.C6 cell lines are examples of:
A) Plant cell cultures
B) Transcomplementing cell lines for E1-deleted adenovirus
C) Bacterial expression systems
D) Primary cell cultures
Answer: B) HEK293 and PER.C6 are immortalized with human adenovirus E1 genes, making
them transcomplementing cell lines that support the propagation of E1-deleted adenovirus .
8. What is a common application of cell line engineering in vaccine manufacturing?
A) Creating cell lines that constitutively express viral components to support viral propagation
B) Designing cell lines that reject viral infections
C) Using unmodified cell lines for all vaccines
D) Eliminating the need for cell lines in vaccine production
Answer: A) Cell line engineering can result in stable (or inducible) cell lines that constitutively
(or upon induction) express viral components, specifically conceived to support the production
of a particular virus .
9. What is the role of CRISPR technology in cell line engineering?
A) To culture cells in a laboratory setting
, B) To precisely edit genes and manipulate entire cell lines
C) To observe cell division
D) To extract proteins from cells
Answer: B) CRISPR methodology allows for quicker and more optimal manipulation of cell lines
by precisely editing genes .
10. The "design-build-test-learn" (DBTL) cycle is a key strategy for:
A) Wasting resources in the lab
B) Accelerating strain improvement in cell line engineering
C) Avoiding any genetic modifications
D) Only testing cell lines without improvements
Answer: B) The synergistic integration of engineering biology tools within the iterative DBTL
cycle is highlighted as a key strategy for accelerating strain improvement .
11. What are the three core pillars of the engineering biology (EB) toolkit for plant cell line
improvement?
A) Traditional breeding, field trials, and harvesting
B) Multiomics and in silico design, gene manipulation and pathway bioengineering, and
biosensors for high-throughput screening
C) Chemical synthesis, fermentation, and purification
D) Microscopy, staining, and cell counting
Answer: B) The three core pillars are: (1) Multiomics and in silico design, (2) gene manipulation
and pathway bioengineering, and (3) biosensors for high-throughput screening .
12. Why are mammalian cell lines preferred for the production of recombinant therapeutic
proteins (RTPs)?
A) They are cheaper to grow than bacteria
B) They facilitate appropriate protein folding and perform accurate post-translational
modifications (PTMs)
C) They grow faster than yeast
D) They produce higher yields than bacterial systems
Answer: B) Mammalian cells are preferred due to their capacity to facilitate appropriate protein
folding and perform accurate post-translational modifications (PTMs) .
13. Which mammalian cell lines are frequently utilized in the production of recombinant
therapeutic proteins?
A) E. coli and S. cerevisiae
B) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells
C) Plant and insect cells
D) Primary human fibroblasts
1. What is the primary purpose of cell line engineering in the biopharmaceutical industry?
A) To create genetically identical copies of organisms
B) To manipulate and modify cells to create stable, reproducible cell lines for specific
applications
C) To study the natural behavior of unmodified cells
D) To eliminate the need for animal testing entirely
Answer: B) Cell line engineering is the process of modifying cells to create stable cell lines that
can be used in various applications, including protein production, drug testing, and disease
modeling .
2. Cell line engineering can be broadly defined as:
A) A genetic manipulation designed to improve the production performance of a pre-existing
cell line
B) The process of culturing cells without any modifications
C) The study of cell death mechanisms
D) The identification of new cell types
Answer: A) Cell line engineering is specifically defined as a genetic manipulation designed to
improve the production performance of a pre-existing cell line, often for increasing specific
titers .
3. Which of the following is a key technique used in cell line engineering?
A) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only
B) Genetic modification using tools like CRISPR-Cas9
C) Western blotting
D) Cell counting
Answer: B) CRISPR-Cas9 is a primary technique used to introduce or modify genes within a cell
line .
4. The process of "stable cell line generation" refers to:
A) Creating cell lines that can proliferate indefinitely while maintaining introduced genetic
modifications
B) Creating cell lines that only survive for a short time
C) Using cells that do not divide
D) Generating cells without any genetic changes
Answer: A) Stable cell line generation is a necessity for long-term studies, ensuring the cell line
maintains the introduced genetic modifications .
,5. What is the difference between "simple cell line establishment" and "cell line engineering"
according to the concept of genetic approaches?
A) Simple cell line establishment is more complex than cell line engineering
B) Simple cell line establishment occurs without external genetic manipulation, while cell line
engineering is genetic manipulation for improvement
C) Simple cell line establishment is a type of cell line engineering
D) There is no difference
Answer: B) Simple cell line establishment is based on spontaneous immortalization without
external genetic manipulation, whereas cell line engineering is a genetic manipulation designed
to improve production .
6. Which of the following is an example of "induced immortalization" in cell line
development?
A) Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements
B) Integration of immortalizing genes like SV40 large T antigen
C) Natural loss of senescence-related genes
D) Exposure to antibiotics
Answer: B) Induced immortalization relies on chemical agents, physical agents, or the
integration of immortalizing genes like telomerase, SV40 large T antigen, or adenovirus E1
genes .
7. HEK293 and PER.C6 cell lines are examples of:
A) Plant cell cultures
B) Transcomplementing cell lines for E1-deleted adenovirus
C) Bacterial expression systems
D) Primary cell cultures
Answer: B) HEK293 and PER.C6 are immortalized with human adenovirus E1 genes, making
them transcomplementing cell lines that support the propagation of E1-deleted adenovirus .
8. What is a common application of cell line engineering in vaccine manufacturing?
A) Creating cell lines that constitutively express viral components to support viral propagation
B) Designing cell lines that reject viral infections
C) Using unmodified cell lines for all vaccines
D) Eliminating the need for cell lines in vaccine production
Answer: A) Cell line engineering can result in stable (or inducible) cell lines that constitutively
(or upon induction) express viral components, specifically conceived to support the production
of a particular virus .
9. What is the role of CRISPR technology in cell line engineering?
A) To culture cells in a laboratory setting
, B) To precisely edit genes and manipulate entire cell lines
C) To observe cell division
D) To extract proteins from cells
Answer: B) CRISPR methodology allows for quicker and more optimal manipulation of cell lines
by precisely editing genes .
10. The "design-build-test-learn" (DBTL) cycle is a key strategy for:
A) Wasting resources in the lab
B) Accelerating strain improvement in cell line engineering
C) Avoiding any genetic modifications
D) Only testing cell lines without improvements
Answer: B) The synergistic integration of engineering biology tools within the iterative DBTL
cycle is highlighted as a key strategy for accelerating strain improvement .
11. What are the three core pillars of the engineering biology (EB) toolkit for plant cell line
improvement?
A) Traditional breeding, field trials, and harvesting
B) Multiomics and in silico design, gene manipulation and pathway bioengineering, and
biosensors for high-throughput screening
C) Chemical synthesis, fermentation, and purification
D) Microscopy, staining, and cell counting
Answer: B) The three core pillars are: (1) Multiomics and in silico design, (2) gene manipulation
and pathway bioengineering, and (3) biosensors for high-throughput screening .
12. Why are mammalian cell lines preferred for the production of recombinant therapeutic
proteins (RTPs)?
A) They are cheaper to grow than bacteria
B) They facilitate appropriate protein folding and perform accurate post-translational
modifications (PTMs)
C) They grow faster than yeast
D) They produce higher yields than bacterial systems
Answer: B) Mammalian cells are preferred due to their capacity to facilitate appropriate protein
folding and perform accurate post-translational modifications (PTMs) .
13. Which mammalian cell lines are frequently utilized in the production of recombinant
therapeutic proteins?
A) E. coli and S. cerevisiae
B) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells
C) Plant and insect cells
D) Primary human fibroblasts
