CCI RCS Exam Question and Answer |
2026/2027 Updated Study Guide | 100%
Verified Answers | Grade A+
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in subcostal 4 chamber? -✓✓ Inferior
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in parasternal short axis? -✓✓ Lateral,
anterior, and inferior.
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in Right ventricular inflow tract? -✓✓
Anterior and inferior.
• The iso volumetric contraction time begins after what wave on the EKG? -✓✓ R wave.
• Blood flow volume changes in the body are mainly controlled by what two factors? -✓✓
Cardiac function and peripheral resistance
• Normal size for aortic valve area is? -✓✓ Three to four centimeters squared
• The incisura portion Of aortic pressure wave occurs when? -✓✓ Immediately after the
A V closes
• How do you differentiate between waveforms obtained from the mitral valve and the
tricuspid valve? -✓✓ The aortic flow pattern can be seen on the mitral valve tracing, but
the pulmonary aortic flow is not evident on the tricuspid valve tracing
• The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is normal if it is less than: -✓✓ 10 MMHG.
• The majority of pulmonary venous flow into the left atria occurs during? -✓✓ Early
Systole
• Which tricuspid valve leaflets is evaluated in parasternal long axis? -✓✓ anterior and
posterior
This is the only view where the posterior Leaflets of the tricuspid valve is seen.
• Normal R-R interval is? -✓✓ .6-1 sec (equates to 60-100 BPM)
• What is the difference between the aortic and pulmonic valve? Doppler tracings -✓✓
The Max Velocity of the pulmonary valve occurs later in the ejection cycle than the A V
• Where is the oblique sinus? -✓✓ Posterior to the left atrium
,• As a patient ages, what normally happens to pulmonary venous flow? -✓✓ the systolic
component increases, while the diastolic component decreases
• Tricuspid valve flow normally increases or decreases with inspiration? -✓✓ Increases
slightly
• Cardiac output is directly or indirectly related to stroke volume and heart rate? -✓✓
Directly
• What wave represents atrial systole on the doppler tracing of the pulmonary vein? -✓✓
A wave
• What grade of diastolic dysfunction is indicated by a low EF and an E/A ratio of over
2? -✓✓ Grade III
• Where are the basal segments located in the LV? -✓✓ Between the AV groove & the
tip of the papillary muscle
• Where are the mid segments located in the LV? -✓✓ Segment that includes the
papillary muscle
• Where are the apical segments located in LV? -✓✓ Between the base of the papillary
muscles to the apex
• How does doppler evaluation demonstrate that the pulmonary vascular resistance is
normally lower than resistance in the systemic vascular system? -✓✓ The flow through
the aortic valve reaches a peak velocity faster than the flow through the pulmonary
valve.
• What is another term for hypereosinophilia? -✓✓ Loeffler endocarditis; causes
endocardial thickening of the inflow tracts and fibrous obliteration of the left & right
ventricular apices
• What is the vertical structure to the right of the aortic arch in Suprasternal notch view
that normally demonstrates flow moving way from the transducer in systole? -✓✓ SVC
• How many pairs of aortic arches form during embryologic development? -✓✓ 6
• An optimal LVOT tracing will demonstrate? -✓✓ A clear spectral window and the
closing click of the AV
• Which valve is more resistant to regurgitation - aortic valve or the mitral valve? -✓✓
Aortic valve
,• What facilitates the contraction of the atrial appendages? -✓✓ Pectinate muscles in
the walls of the appendages
• Which pair of aortic arches form the aortic arch during embryologic development -✓✓
4th left.
• When does the tricuspid valve open and close when compared to mitral valve? -✓✓
Opens before the mitral valve opens and closes after the mitral valve closes.
• When is the blood volume the lowest in the right atria? -✓✓ Release Systole
• The largest antegrade flow component seen on a Doppler tracing of a normal hepatic
vein , is identified during which part of the cardiac cycle? -✓✓ Early systole
• What is stroke volume influenced by? -✓✓ Preload, afterload and myocardial
contractility
• How does bradycardia affect diastasis? -✓✓ it leads to a longer period of diastasis
• When does the A V Open on the E K G -✓✓ About 30-35ms after the completion of the
QRS
• When does isovolumic relaxation time occur on the E K G? -✓✓ After the R Wave
• What does normal left ventricular outflow track tracing demonstrate? -✓✓ A steep
acceleration slope, a sharply peaked early systolic max volume and a less steep
deceleration slope.
• What is the most interior valve? -✓✓ Pulmonary valve.
• When does the mitral valve close on the EKG? -✓✓ About midway through the Q R S
after 60ms has passed
• The left circumflex artery supplies the? -✓✓ Basal and mid anterolateral walls.
• What describes a normal response to exercise testing performed to assess the
diastolic function of the left ventricle? -✓✓ Both E and E' velocity should increase
• What coronary artery courses through the anterior interventricular groove? -✓✓ LAD
• What is the purpose of the eustachian valve in fetal circulation? -✓✓ To guide flow
through the foramen ovale
, • What secrets the pericardial fluid? -✓✓ Visceral pericardium.
• What is the first parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic
dysfunction? -✓✓ The left ventricular E F
• What does medial cystic necrosis cause? -✓✓ Dilated aortic root & ascending aorta
(breakdown or damage of connective tissue in the large arteries)
• Most common complication of septal myectomy. -✓✓ VSD
• What happens to the aortic valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? -✓✓ There will be
mid systolic notching
• What best describes a doppler tracing from within a patient with patent ductus
arteriosus? -✓✓ Continuous flow toward the transducer in systole and Diastole
• What is pressure halftime formula? -✓✓ 0.29 x deceleration time
• How does a left ventricular pseudo aneurysm compare to a true left ventricular
aneurysm? -✓✓ Pseudoaneurysm has a higher risk of rupture.
Pseudo aneurysm also has a narrow neck compared to a true aneurysm
• True or false? Mitral stenosis has no effect on the left ventricular end diastolic
pressure. -✓✓ True
Only has an increase in the left atrial pressure
• The early stages of infiltrative cardiomyopathy are commonly associated with which
type of diastolic dysfunction? -✓✓ Grade I.
Grade III is possible if it persists
• Systemic inflammatory disease like ankylosing spondylitis causes what? -✓✓ Aortic
leaflet thickening, aortitis, and aortic aneurysm formation
There will be inflammatory changes
• What type of cardiac tumor is most commonly associated with systemic embolic
events? -✓✓ Myxomas
• Anomalous origin of the coronary artery is most commonly associated with: -✓✓
Bicuspid aortic valve and tetralogy of fallot
2026/2027 Updated Study Guide | 100%
Verified Answers | Grade A+
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in subcostal 4 chamber? -✓✓ Inferior
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in parasternal short axis? -✓✓ Lateral,
anterior, and inferior.
• What segment of the RV free wall is seen in Right ventricular inflow tract? -✓✓
Anterior and inferior.
• The iso volumetric contraction time begins after what wave on the EKG? -✓✓ R wave.
• Blood flow volume changes in the body are mainly controlled by what two factors? -✓✓
Cardiac function and peripheral resistance
• Normal size for aortic valve area is? -✓✓ Three to four centimeters squared
• The incisura portion Of aortic pressure wave occurs when? -✓✓ Immediately after the
A V closes
• How do you differentiate between waveforms obtained from the mitral valve and the
tricuspid valve? -✓✓ The aortic flow pattern can be seen on the mitral valve tracing, but
the pulmonary aortic flow is not evident on the tricuspid valve tracing
• The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is normal if it is less than: -✓✓ 10 MMHG.
• The majority of pulmonary venous flow into the left atria occurs during? -✓✓ Early
Systole
• Which tricuspid valve leaflets is evaluated in parasternal long axis? -✓✓ anterior and
posterior
This is the only view where the posterior Leaflets of the tricuspid valve is seen.
• Normal R-R interval is? -✓✓ .6-1 sec (equates to 60-100 BPM)
• What is the difference between the aortic and pulmonic valve? Doppler tracings -✓✓
The Max Velocity of the pulmonary valve occurs later in the ejection cycle than the A V
• Where is the oblique sinus? -✓✓ Posterior to the left atrium
,• As a patient ages, what normally happens to pulmonary venous flow? -✓✓ the systolic
component increases, while the diastolic component decreases
• Tricuspid valve flow normally increases or decreases with inspiration? -✓✓ Increases
slightly
• Cardiac output is directly or indirectly related to stroke volume and heart rate? -✓✓
Directly
• What wave represents atrial systole on the doppler tracing of the pulmonary vein? -✓✓
A wave
• What grade of diastolic dysfunction is indicated by a low EF and an E/A ratio of over
2? -✓✓ Grade III
• Where are the basal segments located in the LV? -✓✓ Between the AV groove & the
tip of the papillary muscle
• Where are the mid segments located in the LV? -✓✓ Segment that includes the
papillary muscle
• Where are the apical segments located in LV? -✓✓ Between the base of the papillary
muscles to the apex
• How does doppler evaluation demonstrate that the pulmonary vascular resistance is
normally lower than resistance in the systemic vascular system? -✓✓ The flow through
the aortic valve reaches a peak velocity faster than the flow through the pulmonary
valve.
• What is another term for hypereosinophilia? -✓✓ Loeffler endocarditis; causes
endocardial thickening of the inflow tracts and fibrous obliteration of the left & right
ventricular apices
• What is the vertical structure to the right of the aortic arch in Suprasternal notch view
that normally demonstrates flow moving way from the transducer in systole? -✓✓ SVC
• How many pairs of aortic arches form during embryologic development? -✓✓ 6
• An optimal LVOT tracing will demonstrate? -✓✓ A clear spectral window and the
closing click of the AV
• Which valve is more resistant to regurgitation - aortic valve or the mitral valve? -✓✓
Aortic valve
,• What facilitates the contraction of the atrial appendages? -✓✓ Pectinate muscles in
the walls of the appendages
• Which pair of aortic arches form the aortic arch during embryologic development -✓✓
4th left.
• When does the tricuspid valve open and close when compared to mitral valve? -✓✓
Opens before the mitral valve opens and closes after the mitral valve closes.
• When is the blood volume the lowest in the right atria? -✓✓ Release Systole
• The largest antegrade flow component seen on a Doppler tracing of a normal hepatic
vein , is identified during which part of the cardiac cycle? -✓✓ Early systole
• What is stroke volume influenced by? -✓✓ Preload, afterload and myocardial
contractility
• How does bradycardia affect diastasis? -✓✓ it leads to a longer period of diastasis
• When does the A V Open on the E K G -✓✓ About 30-35ms after the completion of the
QRS
• When does isovolumic relaxation time occur on the E K G? -✓✓ After the R Wave
• What does normal left ventricular outflow track tracing demonstrate? -✓✓ A steep
acceleration slope, a sharply peaked early systolic max volume and a less steep
deceleration slope.
• What is the most interior valve? -✓✓ Pulmonary valve.
• When does the mitral valve close on the EKG? -✓✓ About midway through the Q R S
after 60ms has passed
• The left circumflex artery supplies the? -✓✓ Basal and mid anterolateral walls.
• What describes a normal response to exercise testing performed to assess the
diastolic function of the left ventricle? -✓✓ Both E and E' velocity should increase
• What coronary artery courses through the anterior interventricular groove? -✓✓ LAD
• What is the purpose of the eustachian valve in fetal circulation? -✓✓ To guide flow
through the foramen ovale
, • What secrets the pericardial fluid? -✓✓ Visceral pericardium.
• What is the first parameter to consider when assessing a patient for diastolic
dysfunction? -✓✓ The left ventricular E F
• What does medial cystic necrosis cause? -✓✓ Dilated aortic root & ascending aorta
(breakdown or damage of connective tissue in the large arteries)
• Most common complication of septal myectomy. -✓✓ VSD
• What happens to the aortic valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? -✓✓ There will be
mid systolic notching
• What best describes a doppler tracing from within a patient with patent ductus
arteriosus? -✓✓ Continuous flow toward the transducer in systole and Diastole
• What is pressure halftime formula? -✓✓ 0.29 x deceleration time
• How does a left ventricular pseudo aneurysm compare to a true left ventricular
aneurysm? -✓✓ Pseudoaneurysm has a higher risk of rupture.
Pseudo aneurysm also has a narrow neck compared to a true aneurysm
• True or false? Mitral stenosis has no effect on the left ventricular end diastolic
pressure. -✓✓ True
Only has an increase in the left atrial pressure
• The early stages of infiltrative cardiomyopathy are commonly associated with which
type of diastolic dysfunction? -✓✓ Grade I.
Grade III is possible if it persists
• Systemic inflammatory disease like ankylosing spondylitis causes what? -✓✓ Aortic
leaflet thickening, aortitis, and aortic aneurysm formation
There will be inflammatory changes
• What type of cardiac tumor is most commonly associated with systemic embolic
events? -✓✓ Myxomas
• Anomalous origin of the coronary artery is most commonly associated with: -✓✓
Bicuspid aortic valve and tetralogy of fallot
