NSG 6020 MIDTERM UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Question and Answer (2026/2027) |
Grade A+
• The Head -✓✓ Skull is a rigid bony box which house & protects the brain & special
sense organs
14 facial bones
Cranium is supported by cervical vertebrae
C1 is the atlas
C2 is the axis
C7 vertebra: vertebre prominents
Human face appearances & expressions ("the mood tellers") are formed by facial
muscles which are mediated by CN VII (facial nerve)
Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the 3 sensory branches of CN V
(trigeminal nerve)
• Cranial bones -✓✓ walls of the skull): frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal
Adjacent cranial bones unite at meshed immovable joints named "sutures"
• Coronal suture -✓✓ crown" from ear to ear at the union of frontal & parietal bones
• Sagittal suture -✓✓ separates the head lengthwise between the 2 parietal bones
• Lambdoid suture -✓✓ separates parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
• confluence points of the cranial sutures -✓✓ form the anterior, posterior, anterolateral
(sphenoid), and posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelles
• The fontanelles -✓✓ close sequentially and the sutures function as growth centers.
• metopic suture -✓✓ fuses by 8 months of age in nearly all children. The remaining
sutures fuse late in life.
• Virchow's law -✓✓ states that premature suture fusion results in compensatory skull
growth parallel to the fused suture and a decreased growth perpendicular to the suture.
• Headaches(Primary) -✓✓ Migraine
Tension
Cluster
• Headache(secondary) -✓✓ Analgesic rebound
From eye disorders
, From sinusitis
Meningitis
Intracranial process: increased ICP, tumor, GCA, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Post concussion
Cranial neuralgias
• Headache warning signs -✓✓ Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period
Sudden onset like a "thunderclap" or "the worst headache of my life"
New onset after age 50 y/o
Aggravated or relieved by change in position
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver
Associated symptoms of fever, night sweats, or weight loss
Presence of cancer, HIV infection, or pregnancy
Recent head trauma
Associated papilledema, neck stiffness, or focal neurologic deficits
• Head complaints -✓✓ Headache, change in vision (hyperopia, presbyopia, myopia,
scotomas), diplopia, hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, vertigo, epistaxis, hoarseness, sore
throat, swollen lymph nodes 7 glands, and goiter
• Head inspection -✓✓ Skull: Size, contour
Scalp: Scaling, nevi
Hair: Distribution, quantity
Face: Expression, contours
Skin: color, pigmentation, hair distribution, lesions
• Head palpation -✓✓ Skull: Lumps
Scalp: Pest inhabitants
Hair: Texture
Face: Sinuses
Skin: Texture, temperature
INFANTS: Fontanels - anterior closes ~7-19 months; posterior closes ~8 weeks
• PHACE syndrome -✓✓ association between infantile hemangioma and malformation
of eyes, heart, major arteries, and brain. PHACE 1st defined by Dr. Freidan in 1996.
The acronym PHACE stands for:
Posterior fossa brain malformations
Hemangiomas, particularly large, segmental facial lesions
Arterial anomalies
Cardiac (heart) anomalies and coarctation of the aorta
Eye abnormalities and Endocrine abnormalities
• Abnormal head shape causes -✓✓ Causes of abnormal head shape in infants results
from pressure on the malleable bones in the newborn skull; or persistent gravitational
forces on the occiput when an infant is kept in supine position for prolonged periods
Exam Question and Answer (2026/2027) |
Grade A+
• The Head -✓✓ Skull is a rigid bony box which house & protects the brain & special
sense organs
14 facial bones
Cranium is supported by cervical vertebrae
C1 is the atlas
C2 is the axis
C7 vertebra: vertebre prominents
Human face appearances & expressions ("the mood tellers") are formed by facial
muscles which are mediated by CN VII (facial nerve)
Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the 3 sensory branches of CN V
(trigeminal nerve)
• Cranial bones -✓✓ walls of the skull): frontal, parietal, occipital, & temporal
Adjacent cranial bones unite at meshed immovable joints named "sutures"
• Coronal suture -✓✓ crown" from ear to ear at the union of frontal & parietal bones
• Sagittal suture -✓✓ separates the head lengthwise between the 2 parietal bones
• Lambdoid suture -✓✓ separates parietal bones crosswise from the occipital bone
• confluence points of the cranial sutures -✓✓ form the anterior, posterior, anterolateral
(sphenoid), and posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelles
• The fontanelles -✓✓ close sequentially and the sutures function as growth centers.
• metopic suture -✓✓ fuses by 8 months of age in nearly all children. The remaining
sutures fuse late in life.
• Virchow's law -✓✓ states that premature suture fusion results in compensatory skull
growth parallel to the fused suture and a decreased growth perpendicular to the suture.
• Headaches(Primary) -✓✓ Migraine
Tension
Cluster
• Headache(secondary) -✓✓ Analgesic rebound
From eye disorders
, From sinusitis
Meningitis
Intracranial process: increased ICP, tumor, GCA, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Post concussion
Cranial neuralgias
• Headache warning signs -✓✓ Progressively frequent or severe over a 3-month period
Sudden onset like a "thunderclap" or "the worst headache of my life"
New onset after age 50 y/o
Aggravated or relieved by change in position
Precipitated by Valsalva maneuver
Associated symptoms of fever, night sweats, or weight loss
Presence of cancer, HIV infection, or pregnancy
Recent head trauma
Associated papilledema, neck stiffness, or focal neurologic deficits
• Head complaints -✓✓ Headache, change in vision (hyperopia, presbyopia, myopia,
scotomas), diplopia, hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, vertigo, epistaxis, hoarseness, sore
throat, swollen lymph nodes 7 glands, and goiter
• Head inspection -✓✓ Skull: Size, contour
Scalp: Scaling, nevi
Hair: Distribution, quantity
Face: Expression, contours
Skin: color, pigmentation, hair distribution, lesions
• Head palpation -✓✓ Skull: Lumps
Scalp: Pest inhabitants
Hair: Texture
Face: Sinuses
Skin: Texture, temperature
INFANTS: Fontanels - anterior closes ~7-19 months; posterior closes ~8 weeks
• PHACE syndrome -✓✓ association between infantile hemangioma and malformation
of eyes, heart, major arteries, and brain. PHACE 1st defined by Dr. Freidan in 1996.
The acronym PHACE stands for:
Posterior fossa brain malformations
Hemangiomas, particularly large, segmental facial lesions
Arterial anomalies
Cardiac (heart) anomalies and coarctation of the aorta
Eye abnormalities and Endocrine abnormalities
• Abnormal head shape causes -✓✓ Causes of abnormal head shape in infants results
from pressure on the malleable bones in the newborn skull; or persistent gravitational
forces on the occiput when an infant is kept in supine position for prolonged periods
