BIO 325 MESSERLI FINAL EXAM (LATEST EXAM
2026 ) MOST RECENT EXAM 2026-2027 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!! Physiology Final Exam
(Biol 325 Messerli)
What 2 things cause breakdown of the mucosal barrier of
the stomach? -
ANSWER-1. Gastritis (any type of
inflammation)
2. Peptic or gastric ulcers (erosion of the stomach wall, can
be caused by
overuse of NSAID drugs, like aspirin and
ibuprofen)
The only stomach function essential for life is - ANSWER-The
intrinsic factor secretion for vitamin B12 absorption. Without a
stomach, a person can just receive B12 injections.
What are the defining characteristics of duodenal secretions?
- ANSWER-It is
slightly alkaline, largely water (enzyme poor), and Brunner's
glands secrete
,alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic
chime here
Bile is an alkaline solution containing - ANSWER-
Cholesterol, neutral fats,
phospholipids, and
electrolytes
What are the functions of bile salts, a component of bile? -
ANSWER-Fat
emulsification (breaking down fat into smaller chunks to make it
easier to digest)
What are the functions of bilirubin, a component of bile? -
ANSWER-A pigment
formed from heme that is broken down into stercobilin in the
intestine, giving
feces its brown
color
What are the 4 main pancreatic secretions - ANSWER-1.
Pancreatic amylase
(neutral pH, breaks down carbohydrates)
2. Pancreatic lipase (slightly basic pH, breaks down fats into
monoglycerides and fatty acids)
3. Pancreatic nuclease (neutral pH, breaks down DNA and RNA)
4. Proteases
- Trypsinogen (slightly basic, activated by enteropeptidase)
, - Procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen (slightly basic,
activated by trypsin)
What are the types of brush border enzymes of the small
intestine? - ANSWER-
1.
Saccharides
- Dextrinase and glucoamylase break oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides
- Lactase, maltase, and sucrase break disaccharides into
monosaccharides
2.
Peptides
- Aminopeptidases, caboxypeptidases, and dipeptidases break
down peptides
3. DNAs and
RNAs
- Nucleosidases and phosphatases break nucleic acids into free
bases, pentose
sugars, and phosphate
ions
What are the 2 types of pancreatic nucleases? - ANSWER-1.
Phosphatase =
hydrolyzes just phosphate group
to leave
2. Nucleosidase = hydrolyzes the sugar
and base
2026 ) MOST RECENT EXAM 2026-2027 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!! Physiology Final Exam
(Biol 325 Messerli)
What 2 things cause breakdown of the mucosal barrier of
the stomach? -
ANSWER-1. Gastritis (any type of
inflammation)
2. Peptic or gastric ulcers (erosion of the stomach wall, can
be caused by
overuse of NSAID drugs, like aspirin and
ibuprofen)
The only stomach function essential for life is - ANSWER-The
intrinsic factor secretion for vitamin B12 absorption. Without a
stomach, a person can just receive B12 injections.
What are the defining characteristics of duodenal secretions?
- ANSWER-It is
slightly alkaline, largely water (enzyme poor), and Brunner's
glands secrete
,alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic
chime here
Bile is an alkaline solution containing - ANSWER-
Cholesterol, neutral fats,
phospholipids, and
electrolytes
What are the functions of bile salts, a component of bile? -
ANSWER-Fat
emulsification (breaking down fat into smaller chunks to make it
easier to digest)
What are the functions of bilirubin, a component of bile? -
ANSWER-A pigment
formed from heme that is broken down into stercobilin in the
intestine, giving
feces its brown
color
What are the 4 main pancreatic secretions - ANSWER-1.
Pancreatic amylase
(neutral pH, breaks down carbohydrates)
2. Pancreatic lipase (slightly basic pH, breaks down fats into
monoglycerides and fatty acids)
3. Pancreatic nuclease (neutral pH, breaks down DNA and RNA)
4. Proteases
- Trypsinogen (slightly basic, activated by enteropeptidase)
, - Procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen (slightly basic,
activated by trypsin)
What are the types of brush border enzymes of the small
intestine? - ANSWER-
1.
Saccharides
- Dextrinase and glucoamylase break oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides
- Lactase, maltase, and sucrase break disaccharides into
monosaccharides
2.
Peptides
- Aminopeptidases, caboxypeptidases, and dipeptidases break
down peptides
3. DNAs and
RNAs
- Nucleosidases and phosphatases break nucleic acids into free
bases, pentose
sugars, and phosphate
ions
What are the 2 types of pancreatic nucleases? - ANSWER-1.
Phosphatase =
hydrolyzes just phosphate group
to leave
2. Nucleosidase = hydrolyzes the sugar
and base
