VIBS 422 Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions |
Latest 2026 Update
Q: 4 ancient civilizations
Answer:
- Ancient Egypt (Nile river)
Babylon Mesopotamia (Euphrates-Tigris)
Ancient India (River Sindh)
China (yellow River)
Q: who is the author of the book "The Third Wave"?
Answer:
Alvin Toffler
Q: the "Industrial Revolution" began in which country?
Answer:
Britain
Q: What were the 3 "waves"?
Answer:
1st- agricultural revolution 2nd-industrial revolution
3rd- information technology
Q: What are the major consequences of deforestation?
Answer:
Increased CO2, decreased O2, and global warming
Q: Since the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
have risen by % to the highest level?
Answer:
37%
Q: What are the 3 major routes of pollution?
Answer:
Air pollution, land pollution, and water pollution
,Q: what is the cause of acid rain?
Answer:
Sulfur dioxide polluting the air. It is released into the atmosphere by burning sulfur
containing compounds (e.g. sulfuric acid, sulfate, and nitrate salts).
Q: What happened in Hinkley, CA?
Answer:
- there was arsenic and uranium in the aquifers drinking water.
caused skin and stomach cancer, tumors, and other illnesses and death
Q: what are the two different groups of factors contributing to water pollution?
Answer:
point sources and non point sources
Q: What are point sources?
Answer:
-Water pollution sources that can be controlled or reduced. They are easier to stop.
-examples: waste products from factories, sewage systems, oil wells, power plants
Q: What are non point sources?
Answer:
- Water pollution sources that are difficult to control or reduce.
-Examples: runoff fertilizers from farm land, parking lots/streets, air pollutants
getting washed to earth, storm water drainage from lawns/parking lots/streets
Q: Significance of the water contamination in the great lakes
Answer:
- the great lakes are contaminated with PCBs
therefore, the fish are also contaminated
local residents eating the fish have higher amounts of PCBs in their bodies and
thus experience many related health effects
Q: Explain the importance of the Flint water chrisis
, Answer:
- Flint river was contaminated with lead (a heavy metal neurotoxin) and created a
serious public health danger
the water was treated improperly and this caused the lead from aging pipes to leach
into the water supply
6,000-12,000 children have been exposed
Q: Define EDCs.
Answer:
Endocrine Disrupting chemicals are man-made, synthetic chemicals and natural
phytoestrogens that act on the endocrine systems of humans and animals by
mimicking, blocking, and/or interfering in some manner with the natural
instructions of hormones to cells.
Q: Briefly describe the key mechanisms of EDCs.
Answer:
Mimicking the effects of natural hormones by recognizing their binding sites
(receptors).
antagonizing the effects of these hormones by blocking their interaction with their
physiological binding sites
0 0 reacting directly and indirectly with the hormone in question
altering the natural pattern of synthesis of hormones
altering hormone receptor levels
Q: Name any 3 EDCs that are highly predominant in day to day life
Answer:
- Herbicides (Ex. Atrazine)
Insecticides (Ex. DDT and metabolites)
Industrial chemicals (Ex. Dioxins, phthalates, styrenes)
Tobacco smoke
hormones
pesticides
pharmaceuticals
industrial by-products
antibacterials
Latest 2026 Update
Q: 4 ancient civilizations
Answer:
- Ancient Egypt (Nile river)
Babylon Mesopotamia (Euphrates-Tigris)
Ancient India (River Sindh)
China (yellow River)
Q: who is the author of the book "The Third Wave"?
Answer:
Alvin Toffler
Q: the "Industrial Revolution" began in which country?
Answer:
Britain
Q: What were the 3 "waves"?
Answer:
1st- agricultural revolution 2nd-industrial revolution
3rd- information technology
Q: What are the major consequences of deforestation?
Answer:
Increased CO2, decreased O2, and global warming
Q: Since the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
have risen by % to the highest level?
Answer:
37%
Q: What are the 3 major routes of pollution?
Answer:
Air pollution, land pollution, and water pollution
,Q: what is the cause of acid rain?
Answer:
Sulfur dioxide polluting the air. It is released into the atmosphere by burning sulfur
containing compounds (e.g. sulfuric acid, sulfate, and nitrate salts).
Q: What happened in Hinkley, CA?
Answer:
- there was arsenic and uranium in the aquifers drinking water.
caused skin and stomach cancer, tumors, and other illnesses and death
Q: what are the two different groups of factors contributing to water pollution?
Answer:
point sources and non point sources
Q: What are point sources?
Answer:
-Water pollution sources that can be controlled or reduced. They are easier to stop.
-examples: waste products from factories, sewage systems, oil wells, power plants
Q: What are non point sources?
Answer:
- Water pollution sources that are difficult to control or reduce.
-Examples: runoff fertilizers from farm land, parking lots/streets, air pollutants
getting washed to earth, storm water drainage from lawns/parking lots/streets
Q: Significance of the water contamination in the great lakes
Answer:
- the great lakes are contaminated with PCBs
therefore, the fish are also contaminated
local residents eating the fish have higher amounts of PCBs in their bodies and
thus experience many related health effects
Q: Explain the importance of the Flint water chrisis
, Answer:
- Flint river was contaminated with lead (a heavy metal neurotoxin) and created a
serious public health danger
the water was treated improperly and this caused the lead from aging pipes to leach
into the water supply
6,000-12,000 children have been exposed
Q: Define EDCs.
Answer:
Endocrine Disrupting chemicals are man-made, synthetic chemicals and natural
phytoestrogens that act on the endocrine systems of humans and animals by
mimicking, blocking, and/or interfering in some manner with the natural
instructions of hormones to cells.
Q: Briefly describe the key mechanisms of EDCs.
Answer:
Mimicking the effects of natural hormones by recognizing their binding sites
(receptors).
antagonizing the effects of these hormones by blocking their interaction with their
physiological binding sites
0 0 reacting directly and indirectly with the hormone in question
altering the natural pattern of synthesis of hormones
altering hormone receptor levels
Q: Name any 3 EDCs that are highly predominant in day to day life
Answer:
- Herbicides (Ex. Atrazine)
Insecticides (Ex. DDT and metabolites)
Industrial chemicals (Ex. Dioxins, phthalates, styrenes)
Tobacco smoke
hormones
pesticides
pharmaceuticals
industrial by-products
antibacterials
