QUESTIONS AND DETAILED VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GRADED
Lung disease caused by a long term inhalation of silica dust which leads to lung
inflammation, scarring, and breathing difficulties.
GUY WITH SANDBLASTER - ANSWER silicosis
Uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, such as tumors or damaged
nerves
TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER - ANSWER cryoablation
Damages motor neurons which control voluntary muscle movements - ANSWER
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS, WEAKNESS, LOWER EXTREMITY TWITCHING AND.
PRESCRIBED ANTI GLUTAMATE - ANSWER Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Most common form of ALS that occurs randomly without a known genetic
Cause or family history - ANSWER SPORADIC ALS
A 60-year-old man presents with progressive muscle weakness. He reports difficulty walking,
muscle twitching, and recent trouble swallowing. On exam, he has both upper motor neuron
signs (e.g., hyperreflexia, spasticity) and lower motor neuron signs (e.g., muscle atrophy,
fasciculations). Sensation remains intact. - ANSWER Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs when cartilage that cushions the end of
bones gradually wears down over time. - ANSWER osteoarthritis
1
,(associated with Osteoarthritis instead of RA)
Enlargement and bulging of a joint contour, commonly described as swelling, are attributed
to the thickening of the subchondral bone from the proliferation of osteophytes around the
margins of the joint and hypertrophy in the joint capsule. - ANSWER Bouchard nodes
And
Heberden nodes
A 68-year-old woman complains of chronic knee pain that worsens with activity and
improves with rest. On examination, there is bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal
joints (Heberden's nodes) and crepitus in the knees. There is no warmth or significant
swelling. - ANSWER osteoarthritis
Chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium
causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage. - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
A 45-year-old woman presents with joint pain and stiffness in her hands and wrists. She
reports the stiffness is worst in the morning and lasts for over an hour. On exam, there is
swelling, tenderness, and limited range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and
proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints bilaterally. Lab results show positive rheumatoid factor
(RF) and anti-CCP antibodies. - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
A 35-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presents with fever, chills, and
fatigue. On exam, he has a new systolic murmur and small, painless lesions on the palms and
soles (Janeway lesions). Blood cultures are positive for Staphylococcus aureus. - ANSWER
ENDOCARDITIS
An infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart affecting the heart valves.
It is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other germs (tooth decay)
2
,**Night sweats
***loud heart murmur
VEGETATION SHOWN ON AN ECHO - ANSWER ENDOCARDITIS
NECK/JAW PAIN
CHEST PAIN (angina pectoris)
VOMITING
DIAGNOSIS
**LACK OF O2=death to muscle tissue (necrosis)
**OCCLUSION OF CORONARY ATERY - ANSWER MI (myocardial infarction)
A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating
to his left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. He is diaphoretic. ECG shows ST-segment
elevations in leads II, III, and avf. Troponin levels are elevated. - ANSWER MI (myocardial
infarction)
Occurs when there is a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in the heart leading
to ischemia (lack of oxygen) and heart muscle damage but without a direct blockage of a
coronary artery - ANSWER type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
A 70-year-old woman is admitted with sepsis from a urinary tract infection. She develops
chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Troponin levels are elevated, but ECG shows no
ST-segment elevations. Coronary angiography reveals no significant obstructive coronary
artery disease - ANSWER type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
Chronic liver disease where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue which impairs the
livers ability to function properly - ANSWER cirrhosis
What is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction? - ANSWER HEART DISEASE
3
, Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity)
Jaundice
Elevated AST and ALT - ANSWER cirrhosis
Cirrhosis = - ANSWER scarred liver, can't filter → ascites (fluid accumulates) + jaundice.
A 58-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with fatigue, abdominal
swelling, and confusion. Physical exam reveals jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, and
asterixis. Lab tests show elevated liver enzymes, low albumin, and an increased INR. -
ANSWER cirrhosis
Stroke = FAST - ANSWER Face droop
Arm weak
Speech slurred
Time to act
The final stage of chronic kidney disease where the kidneys have severely deteriorated and
can no longer function - ANSWER end stage renal disease
DECREASED URINE OUTPUT (oliguria)
ANEMIA
FATIGUE (asthenia)
ITCHY SKIN (pruritus)
DIAGNOSIS - ANSWER end stage renal disease
A 62-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with fatigue,
pruritus, swelling in his legs, and decreased urine output over several months. Lab results
reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and
anemia. - ANSWER end stage renal disease
4
Lung disease caused by a long term inhalation of silica dust which leads to lung
inflammation, scarring, and breathing difficulties.
GUY WITH SANDBLASTER - ANSWER silicosis
Uses extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue, such as tumors or damaged
nerves
TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER - ANSWER cryoablation
Damages motor neurons which control voluntary muscle movements - ANSWER
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS, WEAKNESS, LOWER EXTREMITY TWITCHING AND.
PRESCRIBED ANTI GLUTAMATE - ANSWER Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Most common form of ALS that occurs randomly without a known genetic
Cause or family history - ANSWER SPORADIC ALS
A 60-year-old man presents with progressive muscle weakness. He reports difficulty walking,
muscle twitching, and recent trouble swallowing. On exam, he has both upper motor neuron
signs (e.g., hyperreflexia, spasticity) and lower motor neuron signs (e.g., muscle atrophy,
fasciculations). Sensation remains intact. - ANSWER Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs when cartilage that cushions the end of
bones gradually wears down over time. - ANSWER osteoarthritis
1
,(associated with Osteoarthritis instead of RA)
Enlargement and bulging of a joint contour, commonly described as swelling, are attributed
to the thickening of the subchondral bone from the proliferation of osteophytes around the
margins of the joint and hypertrophy in the joint capsule. - ANSWER Bouchard nodes
And
Heberden nodes
A 68-year-old woman complains of chronic knee pain that worsens with activity and
improves with rest. On examination, there is bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal
joints (Heberden's nodes) and crepitus in the knees. There is no warmth or significant
swelling. - ANSWER osteoarthritis
Chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium
causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage. - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
A 45-year-old woman presents with joint pain and stiffness in her hands and wrists. She
reports the stiffness is worst in the morning and lasts for over an hour. On exam, there is
swelling, tenderness, and limited range of motion in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and
proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints bilaterally. Lab results show positive rheumatoid factor
(RF) and anti-CCP antibodies. - ANSWER rheumatoid arthritis
A 35-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use presents with fever, chills, and
fatigue. On exam, he has a new systolic murmur and small, painless lesions on the palms and
soles (Janeway lesions). Blood cultures are positive for Staphylococcus aureus. - ANSWER
ENDOCARDITIS
An infection or inflammation of the inner lining of the heart affecting the heart valves.
It is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other germs (tooth decay)
2
,**Night sweats
***loud heart murmur
VEGETATION SHOWN ON AN ECHO - ANSWER ENDOCARDITIS
NECK/JAW PAIN
CHEST PAIN (angina pectoris)
VOMITING
DIAGNOSIS
**LACK OF O2=death to muscle tissue (necrosis)
**OCCLUSION OF CORONARY ATERY - ANSWER MI (myocardial infarction)
A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating
to his left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. He is diaphoretic. ECG shows ST-segment
elevations in leads II, III, and avf. Troponin levels are elevated. - ANSWER MI (myocardial
infarction)
Occurs when there is a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in the heart leading
to ischemia (lack of oxygen) and heart muscle damage but without a direct blockage of a
coronary artery - ANSWER type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
A 70-year-old woman is admitted with sepsis from a urinary tract infection. She develops
chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Troponin levels are elevated, but ECG shows no
ST-segment elevations. Coronary angiography reveals no significant obstructive coronary
artery disease - ANSWER type 2 MI (myocardial infarction)
Chronic liver disease where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue which impairs the
livers ability to function properly - ANSWER cirrhosis
What is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction? - ANSWER HEART DISEASE
3
, Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity)
Jaundice
Elevated AST and ALT - ANSWER cirrhosis
Cirrhosis = - ANSWER scarred liver, can't filter → ascites (fluid accumulates) + jaundice.
A 58-year-old man with a history of chronic alcohol use presents with fatigue, abdominal
swelling, and confusion. Physical exam reveals jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, and
asterixis. Lab tests show elevated liver enzymes, low albumin, and an increased INR. -
ANSWER cirrhosis
Stroke = FAST - ANSWER Face droop
Arm weak
Speech slurred
Time to act
The final stage of chronic kidney disease where the kidneys have severely deteriorated and
can no longer function - ANSWER end stage renal disease
DECREASED URINE OUTPUT (oliguria)
ANEMIA
FATIGUE (asthenia)
ITCHY SKIN (pruritus)
DIAGNOSIS - ANSWER end stage renal disease
A 62-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension presents with fatigue,
pruritus, swelling in his legs, and decreased urine output over several months. Lab results
reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and
anemia. - ANSWER end stage renal disease
4
