Nur 641 E Final Exam Study Guide
Grand Canyon University EXAM
QUESTION AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST
UPDATE] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is also called primary, secondary may be caused by
CKD - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential vs Secondary HTN
use: angina pectoris
action: dilate veins and arteries and thereby reducing ischemia and relieving pain by decreasing
myocardial O2 consumption
Side effects: throbbing HA, flushing, hypotension tachycardia
available: IV, SL, topical ointment and transdermal patch
contraindicated with PDE-5 (sildanfil and vardenafil) - CORRECT ANSWER-Nitroglycerin (Nitrate)
1. antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting heart failure
2. can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER-Amiodarone
vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Alpha 1 adrenergic
stimulation results
Decrease sympathetic stimulation causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure -
CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1 blockade
,stimulation by beta agonists (isoproterenol) result in increased heart rate, blood pressure and
cardiac output
2. blockade results in decreased heart rate, bp, and cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER-beta 1
adrenergic
The heart does not adequately circulate blood to systemic system. Due to pressure overload or
volume overload causing a reduction of oxygenated blood to body tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-
left heart failure
1.Associated with pulmonary disease and increased pulmonary vascular resistance
2.The heart does not adequately circulate blood to the pulmonic system. Can be due to volume
overload or regurgitation in Tricuspid Valve or Pulmonic Valve.
Can lead to systemic edema, back up of blood in liver and lower extremities - CORRECT
ANSWER-Right heart failure
1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle work on receptors in ascending renal loop
2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney
3. potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Loop diuretics MOA
spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium sparing diuretics
phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat acute heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER-Milrinone
(Primacor)
children squat to compensate for hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Tetrallogy of Fallot squatting
1.passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open
(patent) after birth
, 2. continuous machine like murmur heard over left upper sternal border in both systole and
diastole
3. pulse is bounding and has thrill during palpation
4. Treated with IV NSAIDs such as indomethacin - CORRECT ANSWER-patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA)
a peripheral arterial (arteries and arterioles in fingers mostly) occlusive disease in which
intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
2. vasospastic
3. Treated with dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) bc they cause
vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER-Raynaud's disease
episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways, mucus production,
hyperactivity of the bronchial tissue and inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-Asthma
Symptoms occur >2x/wk, but not daily
treated with short acting beta 2 agonist (SABA) plus inhaled corticosteroid - CORRECT ANSWER-
mild persistent asthma
Daily symptoms occur w/ exacerbations 2x/wk
treated with inhaled low dose corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator - CORRECT
ANSWER-moderate persistent asthma
Symptoms occur continually, along w/ frequent exacerbations that limit physical activity & QOL
treatment (LABA) long acting beta 2 agonist plus high potency inhaled corticosteroid and oral
corticosteroid - CORRECT ANSWER-severe persistent asthma
PRN only
used in combination with inhaled corticosteroid for mild asthma
Grand Canyon University EXAM
QUESTION AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ [LATEST
UPDATE] 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is also called primary, secondary may be caused by
CKD - CORRECT ANSWER-Essential vs Secondary HTN
use: angina pectoris
action: dilate veins and arteries and thereby reducing ischemia and relieving pain by decreasing
myocardial O2 consumption
Side effects: throbbing HA, flushing, hypotension tachycardia
available: IV, SL, topical ointment and transdermal patch
contraindicated with PDE-5 (sildanfil and vardenafil) - CORRECT ANSWER-Nitroglycerin (Nitrate)
1. antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting heart failure
2. can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity - CORRECT ANSWER-Amiodarone
vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER-Alpha 1 adrenergic
stimulation results
Decrease sympathetic stimulation causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure -
CORRECT ANSWER-alpha 1 blockade
,stimulation by beta agonists (isoproterenol) result in increased heart rate, blood pressure and
cardiac output
2. blockade results in decreased heart rate, bp, and cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER-beta 1
adrenergic
The heart does not adequately circulate blood to systemic system. Due to pressure overload or
volume overload causing a reduction of oxygenated blood to body tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-
left heart failure
1.Associated with pulmonary disease and increased pulmonary vascular resistance
2.The heart does not adequately circulate blood to the pulmonic system. Can be due to volume
overload or regurgitation in Tricuspid Valve or Pulmonic Valve.
Can lead to systemic edema, back up of blood in liver and lower extremities - CORRECT
ANSWER-Right heart failure
1.Inhibit water transport across Loop of Henle work on receptors in ascending renal loop
2.inhibit reabsorption of NaCL at site in kidney
3. potent diuretic (Lasix) can cause hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Loop diuretics MOA
spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium sparing diuretics
phosphodiesterase inhibitor used to treat acute heart failure - CORRECT ANSWER-Milrinone
(Primacor)
children squat to compensate for hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Tetrallogy of Fallot squatting
1.passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open
(patent) after birth
, 2. continuous machine like murmur heard over left upper sternal border in both systole and
diastole
3. pulse is bounding and has thrill during palpation
4. Treated with IV NSAIDs such as indomethacin - CORRECT ANSWER-patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA)
a peripheral arterial (arteries and arterioles in fingers mostly) occlusive disease in which
intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
2. vasospastic
3. Treated with dihydropyridine type calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) bc they cause
vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER-Raynaud's disease
episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways, mucus production,
hyperactivity of the bronchial tissue and inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-Asthma
Symptoms occur >2x/wk, but not daily
treated with short acting beta 2 agonist (SABA) plus inhaled corticosteroid - CORRECT ANSWER-
mild persistent asthma
Daily symptoms occur w/ exacerbations 2x/wk
treated with inhaled low dose corticosteroid and long acting bronchodilator - CORRECT
ANSWER-moderate persistent asthma
Symptoms occur continually, along w/ frequent exacerbations that limit physical activity & QOL
treatment (LABA) long acting beta 2 agonist plus high potency inhaled corticosteroid and oral
corticosteroid - CORRECT ANSWER-severe persistent asthma
PRN only
used in combination with inhaled corticosteroid for mild asthma
