Nr507 final exam study & answers
Cystitis (UTI) - ✔️✔️correct answer-Uncomplicated, responds well to antibiotic. Caused
mostly by e coli. No casts present in ua c& s
pyelonephritis - ✔️✔️correct answer-kidney infection
Complicated
Iv atb to treat
Classic triad: vomiting, flank pain, fever
Casts are present in ua c& s
calcium oxalate - ✔️✔️correct answer-most common type of kidney stone
Most common site of renal calculus - ✔️✔️correct answer-Ureterovesicular junction
Gold standard diagnosis for renal calculus - ✔️✔️correct answer-Ct scan
True or false: all types of renal stones can be seen on ct scan - ✔️✔️correct answer-
True
Kidney stones that pass on their own - ✔️✔️correct answer-< 0.5 cm
Kidney stones that cause obstruction - ✔️✔️correct answer->1.0cm
goals of treatment for renal stones - ✔️✔️correct answer-manage acute pain
promote passage of stone
reduce stone size
prevent new stone formation
prevention of renal stone formation include which two elements - ✔️✔️correct answer-
Citrate &
magnesium
Most common type of renal stone - ✔️✔️correct answer-Calcium stone
, Calcium stones are treated with ________ to promote excretion of stone - ✔️✔️correct
answer-Thiazide diuretic
Causes of struvite stones - ✔️✔️correct answer-UTI
bacteria : klebsiella, enterobacteria
which elements combine to make struvite stones? - ✔️✔️correct answer-ammonia,
magesium, phosphate
Type of renal stone found in children, with genetic causing factor - ✔️✔️correct
answer-Cystine stone
sudden loss of renal function, reversible , kidneys respond well to diuretics -
✔️✔️correct answer-acute renal failure (ARF)
labs - creatinine increased at least 50% from base line, decreased creatinine clearance
- ✔️✔️correct answer-Acute renal failure
ARF stage that is identified by 1-3 days with elevated BUN and Creatinine, decreased
urine output - ✔️✔️correct answer-Onset
ARF stage identified by output <400ml/day, elevated BUN and Creatinine, Phosphate
and Potassium. May last 14 days - ✔️✔️correct answer-Oliguric
ARF stage identified by increased output , no waste secretion - ✔️✔️correct answer-
Diuretic
ARF stage where renal function returns - ✔️✔️correct answer-Recovery
CKD stage is determined by...... - ✔️✔️correct answer-GFR and albuminuria
Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure , injury occurs before the kidney, decreased
blood flow to glomerulus leads to low GFR, RAAS activation to increase sodium and
water re-absorbsion .
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule to take up sodium and water to increase blood
pressure - ✔️✔️correct answer-Pre -renal injury
intra renal damage is caused by..... - ✔️✔️correct answer-toxins, inflammation, drugs,
infection
example of intra renal damage - ✔️✔️correct answer-glomerulonephritis
Best way to differentiate between pre and intra renal damage - ✔️✔️correct answer-
BUN & creatinine comparison
Cystitis (UTI) - ✔️✔️correct answer-Uncomplicated, responds well to antibiotic. Caused
mostly by e coli. No casts present in ua c& s
pyelonephritis - ✔️✔️correct answer-kidney infection
Complicated
Iv atb to treat
Classic triad: vomiting, flank pain, fever
Casts are present in ua c& s
calcium oxalate - ✔️✔️correct answer-most common type of kidney stone
Most common site of renal calculus - ✔️✔️correct answer-Ureterovesicular junction
Gold standard diagnosis for renal calculus - ✔️✔️correct answer-Ct scan
True or false: all types of renal stones can be seen on ct scan - ✔️✔️correct answer-
True
Kidney stones that pass on their own - ✔️✔️correct answer-< 0.5 cm
Kidney stones that cause obstruction - ✔️✔️correct answer->1.0cm
goals of treatment for renal stones - ✔️✔️correct answer-manage acute pain
promote passage of stone
reduce stone size
prevent new stone formation
prevention of renal stone formation include which two elements - ✔️✔️correct answer-
Citrate &
magnesium
Most common type of renal stone - ✔️✔️correct answer-Calcium stone
, Calcium stones are treated with ________ to promote excretion of stone - ✔️✔️correct
answer-Thiazide diuretic
Causes of struvite stones - ✔️✔️correct answer-UTI
bacteria : klebsiella, enterobacteria
which elements combine to make struvite stones? - ✔️✔️correct answer-ammonia,
magesium, phosphate
Type of renal stone found in children, with genetic causing factor - ✔️✔️correct
answer-Cystine stone
sudden loss of renal function, reversible , kidneys respond well to diuretics -
✔️✔️correct answer-acute renal failure (ARF)
labs - creatinine increased at least 50% from base line, decreased creatinine clearance
- ✔️✔️correct answer-Acute renal failure
ARF stage that is identified by 1-3 days with elevated BUN and Creatinine, decreased
urine output - ✔️✔️correct answer-Onset
ARF stage identified by output <400ml/day, elevated BUN and Creatinine, Phosphate
and Potassium. May last 14 days - ✔️✔️correct answer-Oliguric
ARF stage identified by increased output , no waste secretion - ✔️✔️correct answer-
Diuretic
ARF stage where renal function returns - ✔️✔️correct answer-Recovery
CKD stage is determined by...... - ✔️✔️correct answer-GFR and albuminuria
Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure , injury occurs before the kidney, decreased
blood flow to glomerulus leads to low GFR, RAAS activation to increase sodium and
water re-absorbsion .
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule to take up sodium and water to increase blood
pressure - ✔️✔️correct answer-Pre -renal injury
intra renal damage is caused by..... - ✔️✔️correct answer-toxins, inflammation, drugs,
infection
example of intra renal damage - ✔️✔️correct answer-glomerulonephritis
Best way to differentiate between pre and intra renal damage - ✔️✔️correct answer-
BUN & creatinine comparison
