Hesi A&P Exam Questions And Correct Verified Answers Updated Version 2026
26
20
Terms in this set am
The digestive system has three accessory organs that aid food Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
Ex
breakdown
The pancreas is the only organ with Exorcine and endocrine functions
ng
The exorcine function of the pancreas is to Excrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine
si
ur
N
The enzymes include Pancreatin, trypsin, maltase, amylase, and lipase (P.T.M.A.L)
The liver has many important functions - Produce bile
-Converts glucose to glycogen
- Stores fat soluble vitamins
- breaks toxins.
- Destroys old RBC
- synthesizes blood proteins
The liver produces Cholesterol, coagulation, products and antibodies
,The gallbladder located adjacent to the liver stores Bile until needed in the small intestine for digestion
Ball and socket joint Ball like convex surface that fits into a concave shaped socket.
Ex. Hip and shoulder joint
Three main types of blood vessels Arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart hint: away=anterior
Veins carry blood Back to the heart hint veins=ventricular
26
Capillaries Carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels. hint: capillaries=carry
20
am
Blood is pumped from the heart to the aorta
Ex
Arterioles Aorta branches into other arteries which branch into smaller vessels
The blood moves from arterioles to Microscopic capillaries
ng
What is exchanged through the thin walls of the Gases, nutrients, and wastes
capillaries?
Blood which gave up on oxygen flows from the capillaries into tiny veins
si
Venules
Venules branch together to form Larger veins
ur
The blood is returned to the heart in the bodies.. Largest veins, superior and inferior vena cava
N
With the exception of the pulmmonary artery Blood in the arteries is oxygenated
Except for the pulmonary vein Blood in veins is deoxygenated
,Arteries have a muscular layer of tissue that helps Pump blood out of the body
Veins have a much thinner Muscular layer
Gravity and the muscles surrounding the veins help deliver Blood back to the heart
Veins have valves that prevent Blood from flowing back, away from the heart once it has moved forward
The brain is composed of White and gray matter
26
Gray matter is made up of *brian Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
White matter Made up of bundles of nerve fibers (myelinated axons)
20
Largest area of the brain Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into Two hemispheres
am
Ex
ng
The right hemisphere Controls logical thinking processes
Left hemisphere Controls creativity
si
Next largest segment of the brain Cerebellum
ur
Cerebellum Helps control most of the muscle functions and movements of the body
The brainstem connects the brain to the Spinal cord
N
Three main areas of the brainstem Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The midbrain and pons are a collection of Nerves that branch off into other areas and serve as an intersection.
Medulla oblongata controls Breathing, cardiac rate, force of contraction of the heart and dilation of blood
vessels
Wedged between the midbrain and the cerebrum are The thalamus and hypothalamus
, the hypothalamus and thalamus are active when They produce chemical reactions throughout the body, linking the nervous system to the
endocrine system
What is the hypothalamus A built-in thermostat and appetite center and relays messages to the thalamus
26
What is the thalamus in charge of sensory stimuli and for interpreting messages via the nervous system and for
relaying them to other areas. They also initiate motor impulses from the cortex
20
Afferent neurons Composed of neurons that have long axons and a short axon. Transfers info via
electrical impulse from the pns back to the cns
The nerves of the brain crisscross so that The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
Efferent neurons
The neurons which compose the efferent branch have
am
After CNS receives a message, the nerve impulse is sent through the efferent branch to a
target cell
Short dendrites and a long axon
Ex
The dendrites and cell body of the efferent neurons are located Within the CNS and the axon becomes part of the PNS
The afferent and efferent nerves are attached by The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
ng
What are the 4 major functions of the spine Provide support for the body, allow movement, protect spinal cord, provide shock
absorption
si
What should the spine find a balance between? Structural stability and movement
More stable a joint is Less mobile it is
ur
More mobile a joint is Less stableit is
N
What is an example of structural support for the body spine provides a base of support for the head and transmits the entire weight of the head,
arms, neck, and trunk to the pelvis.
What are some examples of the movement of the spine? when the movements of all 25 spinal segmental levels are added up, the spine
allows a great deal of movement in, protect the spinal cord, provide shock
absorption
What are the cells of the body arranged into? tissue, and these tissues form organs
What are the functions of the organ system? meet basic vital requirements and enable the body to perform complex functions
26
20
Terms in this set am
The digestive system has three accessory organs that aid food Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
Ex
breakdown
The pancreas is the only organ with Exorcine and endocrine functions
ng
The exorcine function of the pancreas is to Excrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine
si
ur
N
The enzymes include Pancreatin, trypsin, maltase, amylase, and lipase (P.T.M.A.L)
The liver has many important functions - Produce bile
-Converts glucose to glycogen
- Stores fat soluble vitamins
- breaks toxins.
- Destroys old RBC
- synthesizes blood proteins
The liver produces Cholesterol, coagulation, products and antibodies
,The gallbladder located adjacent to the liver stores Bile until needed in the small intestine for digestion
Ball and socket joint Ball like convex surface that fits into a concave shaped socket.
Ex. Hip and shoulder joint
Three main types of blood vessels Arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteries carry blood Away from the heart hint: away=anterior
Veins carry blood Back to the heart hint veins=ventricular
26
Capillaries Carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels. hint: capillaries=carry
20
am
Blood is pumped from the heart to the aorta
Ex
Arterioles Aorta branches into other arteries which branch into smaller vessels
The blood moves from arterioles to Microscopic capillaries
ng
What is exchanged through the thin walls of the Gases, nutrients, and wastes
capillaries?
Blood which gave up on oxygen flows from the capillaries into tiny veins
si
Venules
Venules branch together to form Larger veins
ur
The blood is returned to the heart in the bodies.. Largest veins, superior and inferior vena cava
N
With the exception of the pulmmonary artery Blood in the arteries is oxygenated
Except for the pulmonary vein Blood in veins is deoxygenated
,Arteries have a muscular layer of tissue that helps Pump blood out of the body
Veins have a much thinner Muscular layer
Gravity and the muscles surrounding the veins help deliver Blood back to the heart
Veins have valves that prevent Blood from flowing back, away from the heart once it has moved forward
The brain is composed of White and gray matter
26
Gray matter is made up of *brian Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
White matter Made up of bundles of nerve fibers (myelinated axons)
20
Largest area of the brain Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into Two hemispheres
am
Ex
ng
The right hemisphere Controls logical thinking processes
Left hemisphere Controls creativity
si
Next largest segment of the brain Cerebellum
ur
Cerebellum Helps control most of the muscle functions and movements of the body
The brainstem connects the brain to the Spinal cord
N
Three main areas of the brainstem Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The midbrain and pons are a collection of Nerves that branch off into other areas and serve as an intersection.
Medulla oblongata controls Breathing, cardiac rate, force of contraction of the heart and dilation of blood
vessels
Wedged between the midbrain and the cerebrum are The thalamus and hypothalamus
, the hypothalamus and thalamus are active when They produce chemical reactions throughout the body, linking the nervous system to the
endocrine system
What is the hypothalamus A built-in thermostat and appetite center and relays messages to the thalamus
26
What is the thalamus in charge of sensory stimuli and for interpreting messages via the nervous system and for
relaying them to other areas. They also initiate motor impulses from the cortex
20
Afferent neurons Composed of neurons that have long axons and a short axon. Transfers info via
electrical impulse from the pns back to the cns
The nerves of the brain crisscross so that The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.
Efferent neurons
The neurons which compose the efferent branch have
am
After CNS receives a message, the nerve impulse is sent through the efferent branch to a
target cell
Short dendrites and a long axon
Ex
The dendrites and cell body of the efferent neurons are located Within the CNS and the axon becomes part of the PNS
The afferent and efferent nerves are attached by The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
ng
What are the 4 major functions of the spine Provide support for the body, allow movement, protect spinal cord, provide shock
absorption
si
What should the spine find a balance between? Structural stability and movement
More stable a joint is Less mobile it is
ur
More mobile a joint is Less stableit is
N
What is an example of structural support for the body spine provides a base of support for the head and transmits the entire weight of the head,
arms, neck, and trunk to the pelvis.
What are some examples of the movement of the spine? when the movements of all 25 spinal segmental levels are added up, the spine
allows a great deal of movement in, protect the spinal cord, provide shock
absorption
What are the cells of the body arranged into? tissue, and these tissues form organs
What are the functions of the organ system? meet basic vital requirements and enable the body to perform complex functions
