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longitudinal study design - Answer following individuals over a long period of
time with multiple assessment points
cross-sectional study - Answer comparing different age groups at the same time
naturalistic observation - Answer research method in which one observes a
subject outside of a research setting
case study - Answer research method involving a direct observation of a
patient; interviewing in great detail
study/interview - Answer research method in which surveys administered
anonymously or asked in and interview format in-person
correlational research - Answer research method of seeing how two variables
relate; looking at strength and direction of relationship
experiments - Answer research method in which you tightly control the
variables, setting, and participants which manipulating one factor believed to have
influence.
,Hawthorne effect - Answer A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by
the awareness of being studied
What are the five research methods discussed in this module? - Answer -
naturalistic observation
- case study
- study/interview
- correlational research
- experiments
three types of prenatal diagnostic tests - Answer ultrasound, amniocentesis, and
chorionic villus sampling (CVA)
ultrasound - Answer prenatal diagnostic technique that uses high frequency
sounds to create an image of the baby
amniocentesis - Answer Prenatal diagnostic technique involving needle
puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis; looks for
chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Answer Prenatal diagnostic technique in
which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis to
detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
,what are the three types of genetic-environment interactions? - Answer passive,
evocative, and active
passive genotype-environment interaction - Answer parents provide genetic
disposition and nurturing context to foster certain qualities
evocative genotype-environment interaction - Answer parents provide genetic
predisposition for a child to evoke certain reactions in others that will influence
their development
active genotype-environment interaction - Answer parents provide genetic
predisposition that results in a child actively seeking out environmental conditions
that foster development of certain qualities
three periods of neonatal development - Answer germinal, embryonic, and fetal
germinal period - Answer week 0-2
zygote created, attaches to uterus wall
embryonic period - Answer week 2-8
layers of cells form that later develop into organs and systems
fetal period - Answer month 2-9
major growth and development
, teratogens - Answer agents that interfere with natural growth and produce a
birth defect
which three variables determine a teratogen's effect? - Answer - gestational age
- amount of teratogen
- susceptibility
When does organogenesis begin? - Answer Around week 3 through week 8
why is stress a teratogen? - Answer stress causes blood to be directed away
from fetus and towards mother's brain, limbs, heart. Cortisol can cross placenta and
increase fetal HR
why is cognitive development more susceptible? - Answer brain develops all
throughout pregnancy
what are the three phases of childbirth? - Answer - early & active labor
- delivery of baby
- delivery of the placenta
early labor and active labor - Answer - longest stage
- starts at onset of true labor
- ends when cervix completely dilated
- 30-45 sec contractions w 5-30 min between
- 45-60 sec contractions w 3-5 min between