IDFX LIGHTING EXAM SCRIPT FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
DETAILED REVIEW SHEET
●● Theory
Answer: The most fundamental beginning of design.
●● Design History
Answer: A valuable contribution to design theory by suggesting how
past designs solved certain problems or represented particular ideal.
●● Environmental Design
Answer: A theory that focuses on the interaction between humans and
their environments that attempts to develop a rational design approach
based on scientific research rather than anecdotal evidence or personal
philosophy. Often does not take into account the interaction between
humans and buildings.
●● Evidence Based Design
Answer: Basing design in credible research that links one or more
environmental elements with a desired outcome. Often used in
healthcare but has been applied to education and workplace design.
,●● Functionalism
Answer: A simple rational design solution to design problems without
extraneous decoration. Reduced interiors to only what was required to
meet strict functional needs without unnecessary decorations.
●● Le Corbusier
Answer: A house is a machine for the living
●● Gestalt Pyschology
Answer: a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often
perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
●● Simultaneous Constrast
Answer: a phenomenon in which a color appears to change depending
on the background color.
●● Grouping
Answer: humans perceive separate units in the visual field as a group,
through proximity, similarity, direction, and context
●● Closure (form constancy)
Answer: the tendency to perceive incomplete forms as a whole
,●● Continuity
Answer: the tendency to see a line or shape as continuing in a particular
direction rather than making a sharp turn.
●● Simplicity
Answer: humans prefer the simplest, most stable organization of forms.
the brain organizes forms into the fewest number of lines or parts.
●● Figure-ground
Answer: the was form (figure) is distinguished from surroundings
(ground)
●● Perceptual Constancy
Answer: perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness,
color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
●● Shape Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects as having their original shape
regardless of change in orientation or point of view.
●● Size Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects having the same size regardless of
viewing distance.
, ●● Lightness Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects to have the same lightness or darkness
regardless of the illumination of the space in which it is viewed
●● Color Constancy
Answer: the perception of an objects color as the same regardless of the
lighting conditions
●● Binocular Disparity
Answer: the difference in the retinal images of the left and right eye
which allows the viewer to perceive distance and three-dimensions
●● Interposition
Answer: a distant object may appear to be overlapped or partly hidden
by a closer object
●● Linear Perspective
Answer: parallel lines appear to recede toward a single point in the
distance
●● Atmosphere Perspective
Answer: haziness of an object that increases with distance caused by
small particles in the air
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
DETAILED REVIEW SHEET
●● Theory
Answer: The most fundamental beginning of design.
●● Design History
Answer: A valuable contribution to design theory by suggesting how
past designs solved certain problems or represented particular ideal.
●● Environmental Design
Answer: A theory that focuses on the interaction between humans and
their environments that attempts to develop a rational design approach
based on scientific research rather than anecdotal evidence or personal
philosophy. Often does not take into account the interaction between
humans and buildings.
●● Evidence Based Design
Answer: Basing design in credible research that links one or more
environmental elements with a desired outcome. Often used in
healthcare but has been applied to education and workplace design.
,●● Functionalism
Answer: A simple rational design solution to design problems without
extraneous decoration. Reduced interiors to only what was required to
meet strict functional needs without unnecessary decorations.
●● Le Corbusier
Answer: A house is a machine for the living
●● Gestalt Pyschology
Answer: a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often
perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts
●● Simultaneous Constrast
Answer: a phenomenon in which a color appears to change depending
on the background color.
●● Grouping
Answer: humans perceive separate units in the visual field as a group,
through proximity, similarity, direction, and context
●● Closure (form constancy)
Answer: the tendency to perceive incomplete forms as a whole
,●● Continuity
Answer: the tendency to see a line or shape as continuing in a particular
direction rather than making a sharp turn.
●● Simplicity
Answer: humans prefer the simplest, most stable organization of forms.
the brain organizes forms into the fewest number of lines or parts.
●● Figure-ground
Answer: the was form (figure) is distinguished from surroundings
(ground)
●● Perceptual Constancy
Answer: perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness,
color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change
●● Shape Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects as having their original shape
regardless of change in orientation or point of view.
●● Size Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects having the same size regardless of
viewing distance.
, ●● Lightness Constancy
Answer: the perception of objects to have the same lightness or darkness
regardless of the illumination of the space in which it is viewed
●● Color Constancy
Answer: the perception of an objects color as the same regardless of the
lighting conditions
●● Binocular Disparity
Answer: the difference in the retinal images of the left and right eye
which allows the viewer to perceive distance and three-dimensions
●● Interposition
Answer: a distant object may appear to be overlapped or partly hidden
by a closer object
●● Linear Perspective
Answer: parallel lines appear to recede toward a single point in the
distance
●● Atmosphere Perspective
Answer: haziness of an object that increases with distance caused by
small particles in the air
