Behaviorism - ANSWER lecture, drill and practice, rote learning, multiple choice tests.
Learning is passive, occurs via external processes, positive reinforcement.
Cognitivism - ANSWER lecture, visual tools, facilitation to memorize, multiple choice and
essay assessments. learning extends beyond the external, it is an internal process involving
short and long term memory.
connectivism - ANSWER self-directed quest for content, sharing of content and sources,
spontaneous learning groups, collaborative knowledge creation. learning is self-directed,
networked via nodes (content sources, people, groups)
humanism - ANSWER student-centered learning, discussions, self-reflection activities, ho-
listic growth assignments. emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, considers
emotional and psychological well-being as integral to learning, values student choice and au-
tonomy
Constructivism - ANSWER discovery, collaborative group work, scaffolding, self-guided
learning based on personal experience, peer grading/review. learners build on personal ex-
perience; learning is active and social in process.
Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) - ANSWER a comprehensive framework used in
education to provide targeted interventions and support to students based on their individ-
ual needs.
Tier 1 interventions - ANSWER high quality classroom instruction that ensures the curric-
ulum reaches 100% of students in the classroom.
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, backward design - ANSWER a strategic approach to curriculum planning that starts with
identifying clear goals or learning outcomes of a course or lesson before planning the in-
structional strategies and assessments.
formative assessment - ANSWER used during the learning process to gauge student un-
derstanding and guide further learning
summative assessment - ANSWER a tool for evaluating student learning at specific
points, such as at the end of a unit, semester, or academic year; often in the form of a test or
quiz
pre-assessment - ANSWER initial stage involves methods like screening tests, diagnostic
assessments, and pre-tests, which help educators understand students' baseline knowledge
before instruction begins
performance based learning - ANSWER an approach to teaching and learning that em-
phasizes students being able to do or perform, specific skills as a result of instruction
performance based assessment - ANSWER an individual task, such as research paper,
presentation, or report, completed by a candidate and evaluated based on a rubric; a formal
testing process that demonstrates competency for a course.
scales - ANSWER offer a broader overview usually encapsulating overall performance lev-
els.
rubric - ANSWER a detailed guide that helps teachers assess the quality of students' work
based on defined criteria, covering various levels of achievement from basic to advanced.
transparency and clarity - ANSWER elements that ensure the criteria used to assess stu-
dents are clear and understandable, making the assessment process fair and transparent
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