FRHD 3070 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE | FAMILY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
What is the benefit to being an informed consumer? - correct answer ✔✔You are able to know
the difference between good and bad research
Producers create __________ knowledge - correct answer ✔✔New
What is social research? - correct answer ✔✔Systematically collecting data to produce
knowledge
- a process in which people combine a set of principles, outlooks, and ideas
Explain the authority source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔You believe what is
presented is true because an expert says it
- Dr. Phil
- Cathy Somers
- Tom Cruise
- Dr. Oz
Explain the tradition source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Passing down traditions,
generally seen in family settings
- Using the same apple pie recipe, because thats how its always been done
- Special drinks for cold remedy
Explain the common sense source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Being logical and
rational, however there are usually contradictory cliches.
- opposites attract / birds of a feather flock together
,Explain the personal experience source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Since I
experienced it, it must be true
- divorce has major negative impacts because my parents had a bad divorce
What are the 4 errors of personal experience? - correct answer ✔✔- overgeneralization (falsely
assume it applies to other situations)
- selective observation
- premature closure
- halo effect (when we let the prestige of something rub off onto other areas)
Overgeneralization - correct answer ✔✔an error that people often make when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for aacquiring knowledge. It occurs when some evidence
supports a belief, but a person falsely assumes that it applies to many other situations
Selective Observation - correct answer ✔✔The tendency to take notice of certain people or
events based on past experience or attitudes, they seek out evidence that confirms what you
already believe - YOU IGNORE THINGS THAT CONTRADICT YOU
Premature Closure - correct answer ✔✔an error that is often made when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for acquiring knowledge. It occurs when a person feels
her or she has the answers and does not need to listen, seek information or raise questions
longer
Halo Effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person overgeneralizes rom what he or she
accepts as being highly positive or prestigious and lets its favourable impression rub off on other
areas
Data - correct answer ✔✔the empirical evidence or information that a person gathers carefully
according to established rules or procedures; it can be qualitative and quantitative
,empirical evidence - correct answer ✔✔the observations that people experience through their
senses (can be direct or indirect)
What is the anatomy of an empirical research article? - correct answer ✔✔Introduction
Methodology
Research
Discussion
References
Appendices and supplemental materials
Values - correct answer ✔✔Sometimes think research is value free
Always have a sense of right or wrong
Try and be as objective as possible
Values influence the research process
Types of reasoning - correct answer ✔✔deductive and inductive
Induction - correct answer ✔✔an approach to inquiry of social theory in which one begins with
concrete empirical details and then works toward abstract ideas or general principles
Moving from something very specific to something general
Going from observation to pattern (on a graph, having just dots vs drawing a line)
, Deduction - correct answer ✔✔an approach to inquiry or social theory in which one begins with
abstract ideas and principles and then works toward concrete, empirical evidence to test the
ideas
Compare hypothesis and observations, is my hypothesis supported or not
scientific community - correct answer ✔✔a collection of people who share a system of rules
and attitudes that sustain the process of producing knowledge
Paradigm - correct answer ✔✔Ways of thinking
A philosophy
Positivism
Interpretivism
Nature of Reality: Positivism - correct answer ✔✔Single tangible reality - a truth out there and
it's the only one
Nature of Reality: Interpretivism - correct answer ✔✔Multiple constructed reality
Relationship Between research and participants: Positivism - correct answer ✔✔Independent -
objective, unbiased, removed
Relationship between researcher and participants: Interpretivism - correct answer ✔✔Interact
with participants, involve people
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
What is the benefit to being an informed consumer? - correct answer ✔✔You are able to know
the difference between good and bad research
Producers create __________ knowledge - correct answer ✔✔New
What is social research? - correct answer ✔✔Systematically collecting data to produce
knowledge
- a process in which people combine a set of principles, outlooks, and ideas
Explain the authority source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔You believe what is
presented is true because an expert says it
- Dr. Phil
- Cathy Somers
- Tom Cruise
- Dr. Oz
Explain the tradition source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Passing down traditions,
generally seen in family settings
- Using the same apple pie recipe, because thats how its always been done
- Special drinks for cold remedy
Explain the common sense source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Being logical and
rational, however there are usually contradictory cliches.
- opposites attract / birds of a feather flock together
,Explain the personal experience source and give an example. - correct answer ✔✔Since I
experienced it, it must be true
- divorce has major negative impacts because my parents had a bad divorce
What are the 4 errors of personal experience? - correct answer ✔✔- overgeneralization (falsely
assume it applies to other situations)
- selective observation
- premature closure
- halo effect (when we let the prestige of something rub off onto other areas)
Overgeneralization - correct answer ✔✔an error that people often make when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for aacquiring knowledge. It occurs when some evidence
supports a belief, but a person falsely assumes that it applies to many other situations
Selective Observation - correct answer ✔✔The tendency to take notice of certain people or
events based on past experience or attitudes, they seek out evidence that confirms what you
already believe - YOU IGNORE THINGS THAT CONTRADICT YOU
Premature Closure - correct answer ✔✔an error that is often made when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for acquiring knowledge. It occurs when a person feels
her or she has the answers and does not need to listen, seek information or raise questions
longer
Halo Effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs when a person overgeneralizes rom what he or she
accepts as being highly positive or prestigious and lets its favourable impression rub off on other
areas
Data - correct answer ✔✔the empirical evidence or information that a person gathers carefully
according to established rules or procedures; it can be qualitative and quantitative
,empirical evidence - correct answer ✔✔the observations that people experience through their
senses (can be direct or indirect)
What is the anatomy of an empirical research article? - correct answer ✔✔Introduction
Methodology
Research
Discussion
References
Appendices and supplemental materials
Values - correct answer ✔✔Sometimes think research is value free
Always have a sense of right or wrong
Try and be as objective as possible
Values influence the research process
Types of reasoning - correct answer ✔✔deductive and inductive
Induction - correct answer ✔✔an approach to inquiry of social theory in which one begins with
concrete empirical details and then works toward abstract ideas or general principles
Moving from something very specific to something general
Going from observation to pattern (on a graph, having just dots vs drawing a line)
, Deduction - correct answer ✔✔an approach to inquiry or social theory in which one begins with
abstract ideas and principles and then works toward concrete, empirical evidence to test the
ideas
Compare hypothesis and observations, is my hypothesis supported or not
scientific community - correct answer ✔✔a collection of people who share a system of rules
and attitudes that sustain the process of producing knowledge
Paradigm - correct answer ✔✔Ways of thinking
A philosophy
Positivism
Interpretivism
Nature of Reality: Positivism - correct answer ✔✔Single tangible reality - a truth out there and
it's the only one
Nature of Reality: Interpretivism - correct answer ✔✔Multiple constructed reality
Relationship Between research and participants: Positivism - correct answer ✔✔Independent -
objective, unbiased, removed
Relationship between researcher and participants: Interpretivism - correct answer ✔✔Interact
with participants, involve people
