NURS 257: Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Latest
Graded A+
Question:
What are the 3 lifestyle factors that are contributing the most to longer life?
Answer:
Diet, exercise, not smoking
Question:
Aging Theory
Answer:
explains the mechanisms behind loss of physical resilience, decreased resistance to disease, and
other physical and mental changes that accompany aging
Question:
Programmed Aging (Hayflick's Theory)
Answer:
cellular aging: normal human cells can only replicate and divide 40-60 times before it cannot divide
anymore and will breakdown by programmed cell death (apoptosis and replicate senescence)
Question:
Does Programmed Aging or Hayflick's Theory apply to stem cells?
Answer:
No, it is difficult to prove secondary to concurrent chronic disease
Question:
Molecular Clock Theory
Answer:
DNA changes: each time a cell undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of the chromosome
shorten slightly and eventually this loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes to replicate
Question:
,Intrinsic Mutagenesis
Answer:
the process by which telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten slightly
Question:
Wear and Tear Theories of Aging
Answer:
errors in the replication of cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads to
declining cellular function and aging
Question:
Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory
Answer:
secondary to the buildup of unstable oxygen compounds, there is cumulative damage to cells and
tissues as a result of aerobic metabolism
Question:
In the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory, environmental oxidizing agents cause harm to what
structures in cells and tissues?
Answer:
Cell membranes and cells
Question:
What do antioxidant enzymes do in relation to the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory?
Answer:
Antioxidants can be derived from a healthy diet or from phytochemicals which block the formation
of free radicals
Question:
phytochemicals
Answer:
plant chemicals
, Question:
What are the effects and physiological changes of Normal Aging?
Answer:
1) LBM
Question:
2) Sarcopenia 3) Proportion Distortion 4) Weight Gain 5) Decline in taste, smell, appetite, and
thirst 6) Decline in oral health LBM (lean body mass)
Answer:
sum of fat free tissues comprising bone, muscle, and water
Question:
Sarcopenia
Answer:
age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function
Question:
Proportion distortion
Answer:
refers to the growing proportion sizes people call normal
Question:
as age increases, the number of calories required (decreases/increases)
Answer:
Decreases
Question:
Are carbs typically a nutritional risk factor in older adults?
Answer:
No
Question:
What is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults?
Graded A+
Question:
What are the 3 lifestyle factors that are contributing the most to longer life?
Answer:
Diet, exercise, not smoking
Question:
Aging Theory
Answer:
explains the mechanisms behind loss of physical resilience, decreased resistance to disease, and
other physical and mental changes that accompany aging
Question:
Programmed Aging (Hayflick's Theory)
Answer:
cellular aging: normal human cells can only replicate and divide 40-60 times before it cannot divide
anymore and will breakdown by programmed cell death (apoptosis and replicate senescence)
Question:
Does Programmed Aging or Hayflick's Theory apply to stem cells?
Answer:
No, it is difficult to prove secondary to concurrent chronic disease
Question:
Molecular Clock Theory
Answer:
DNA changes: each time a cell undergoes mitosis, the telomeres on the ends of the chromosome
shorten slightly and eventually this loss of telomeres stops the ability of chromosomes to replicate
Question:
,Intrinsic Mutagenesis
Answer:
the process by which telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten slightly
Question:
Wear and Tear Theories of Aging
Answer:
errors in the replication of cells and accumulation of damaging byproducts eventually leads to
declining cellular function and aging
Question:
Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory
Answer:
secondary to the buildup of unstable oxygen compounds, there is cumulative damage to cells and
tissues as a result of aerobic metabolism
Question:
In the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory, environmental oxidizing agents cause harm to what
structures in cells and tissues?
Answer:
Cell membranes and cells
Question:
What do antioxidant enzymes do in relation to the Free Radical/Oxidative Stress Theory?
Answer:
Antioxidants can be derived from a healthy diet or from phytochemicals which block the formation
of free radicals
Question:
phytochemicals
Answer:
plant chemicals
, Question:
What are the effects and physiological changes of Normal Aging?
Answer:
1) LBM
Question:
2) Sarcopenia 3) Proportion Distortion 4) Weight Gain 5) Decline in taste, smell, appetite, and
thirst 6) Decline in oral health LBM (lean body mass)
Answer:
sum of fat free tissues comprising bone, muscle, and water
Question:
Sarcopenia
Answer:
age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function
Question:
Proportion distortion
Answer:
refers to the growing proportion sizes people call normal
Question:
as age increases, the number of calories required (decreases/increases)
Answer:
Decreases
Question:
Are carbs typically a nutritional risk factor in older adults?
Answer:
No
Question:
What is the daily recommended intake of fiber for older adults?
