BIO 271 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON SCAPULAR & CLAVICULAR MUSCLE ORIGINS, INSERTIONS, AND ACTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

BIO 271 EXAM 1 COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE QUESTIONS ON SCAPULAR & CLAVICULAR MUSCLE ORIGINS, INSERTIONS, AND ACTIONS COMPLETE WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 1. Which muscle inserts into the intertubercular groove of the humerus? A) Pectoralis major B) Latissimus dorsi C) Teres major D) Coracobrachialis Correct Answer: B Explanation: The latissimus dorsi inserts into the intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the humerus. The upper portion of the latissimus dorsi also shares this insertion site. ________________________________________ 2. The levator scapulae originates from which vertebral levels? A) Spinous processes of T1-T6 B) Transverse processes of C1-C3 C) Spinous processes of C7-T1 D) Transverse processes of C4-C6 Correct Answer: B Explanation: The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of C1 to C3. Its insertion is at the superior angle of the scapula. ________________________________________ 3. Where does the levator scapulae insert? A) Medial border of the scapula B) Superior angle of the scapula C) Inferior angle of the scapula D) Spine of the scapula Correct Answer: B Explanation: The levator scapulae inserts at the superior angle of the scapula, helping to elevate and medially rotate the scapula. ________________________________________ 4. The lower latissimus dorsi originates from which structures? A) Spinous processes of T1-T6 and ribs 3-5 B) Spinous processes of L1-L5, sacrum, and iliac crest C) Transverse processes of C1-C3 and occipital bone D) Spinous processes of T7-T12 and ribs 9-12 Correct Answer: B Explanation: The lower fibers of the latissimus dorsi originate from the spinous processes of L1-L5, the sacrum, and the iliac crest. ________________________________________ 5. The lower pectoralis major originates from the: A) Clavicle and upper sternum B) Lower half of the sternum and costal cartilage of ribs 4-6 C) Costal cartilage of ribs 2-5 and xiphoid process D) External oblique aponeurosis and iliac crest Correct Answer: B Explanation: The lower portion of the pectoralis major originates from the lower half of the sternum and the costal cartilage of ribs 4 through 6. ________________________________________ 6. The lower serratus anterior inserts at the: A) Superior angle of the scapula B) Medial border of the scapula C) Inferior angle of the scapula D) Coracoid process of the scapula Correct Answer: C Explanation: The lower fibers of the serratus anterior insert at the inferior angle of the scapula, contributing to upward rotation. ________________________________________ 7. From where does the lower serratus anterior originate? A) Anterolaterally on ribs 6-8 B) Anterolaterally on ribs 1-5 C) Posterolaterally on ribs 9-12 D) Anteromedially on ribs 3-6 Correct Answer: A Explanation: The lower serratus anterior originates anterolaterally on ribs 6 through 8, helping to protract and rotate the scapula. ________________________________________ 8. The lower trapezius inserts at the: A) Lateral third of the clavicle B) Acromion process C) Middle one-third of the spine of the scapula D) Superior angle of the scapula Correct Answer: C Explanation: The lower trapezius inserts into the middle one-third of the spine of the scapula, aiding in scapular depression and upward rotation. ________________________________________ 9. The lower trapezius originates from: A) Spinous processes of C1-C3 B) Spinous processes of T7-T12 C) Spinous processes of T1-T6 D) Spinous processes of L1-L5 Correct Answer: B Explanation: The lower trapezius originates from the spinous processes of T7 through T12. ________________________________________ 10. The middle trapezius inserts at the: A) Lateral clavicle B) Acromion C) Middle one-third of the spine of the scapula D) Medial border of the scapula Correct Answer: C Explanation: Like the lower trapezius, the middle trapezius also inserts into the middle one-third of the spine of the scapula. ________________________________________ 11. The middle trapezius originates from which vertebrae? A) C1-C3 B) T1-T6 C) T7-T12 D) L1-L5 Correct Answer: B Explanation: The middle trapezius originates from the spinous processes of T1 through T6. ________________________________________ 12. Which muscles cause lateral (upward) rotation of the scapula and clavicle? A) Lower trapezius, upper trapezius, lower serratus anterior B) Pectoralis minor, rhomboids, levator scapulae C) Subclavius, lower pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi D) Middle trapezius, upper serratus anterior, deltoid Correct Answer: A Explanation: Upward rotation is produced by the lower trapezius, upper trapezius, and lower serratus anterior working together. ________________________________________ 13. Which muscles cause medial (downward) rotation of the scapula and clavicle? A) Lower trapezius, upper trapezius, serratus anterior B) Lower latissimus dorsi, pectoralis minor, lower pectoralis major, levator scapulae, rhomboids C) Subclavius, deltoid, coracobrachialis D) Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor Correct Answer: B Explanation: Downward rotation involves the lower latissimus dorsi,