Microbiology final tarleton state Questions With Complete
Solutions
2 component regulatory system Correct Answers Autoinducer
is excreted by the cell and diffuses away
When there is a high enough concentration of cells, autoinducer
diffuses back to the cell and binds with a sensor kinase.
The sensor kinase autophosphorylates at the histidine residue
The response regulator phosphorylates at the aspartic acid
residue, changing conformation to expose the DNA-binding
domain so that it can bind to the promoter and influence
transcription
16S rRNA Correct Answers A large polynucleotide (~1500
bases) that functions as part of the small subunit of the ribosome
of Bacteria and Archaea and from whose gene sequence
evolutionary information can be obtained; its eukaryotic
counterpart is 18S rRNA
Acidic vs Alkaline on the pH scale (philes) Correct Answers
acidic 0-5.5/acidophile
neutral 5.5-8.0/neutrophile
alkaline 8-11.5/alkalophile
acute Correct Answers New, usually of rapid onset and of
concern, opposite of chronic
adaptive immunity Correct Answers the ability to recognize
and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
Aerobic Correct Answers Process that requires oxygen
,aerobic respiration Correct Answers Requires oxygen;
produces lots of energy (36-38 Units of ATP)
Algae Correct Answers Grow in soil, on trees and on the
bodies of turtles and frogs; smallest of all green plants
Ammonification Correct Answers decomposers convert
organic waste into ammonia
Anaerobic Correct Answers Process that does not require
oxygen
anaerobic respiration Correct Answers Respiration in the
absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.
anoxygenic photosynthesis Correct Answers Light-fueled
conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material that does not
produce oxygen
Archea Correct Answers prokaryotic, live in extreme
environments, all live without oxygen and get energy from
inorganic molecules and light. most are unicellular
asymptomatic carrier Correct Answers shows no symptoms
ATP, NADH, FADH2 fermentation/aerobic respiration Correct
Answers 2 ATP fermentation
38 ATP aerobic respiration
NADH yields 3 ATP
FADH2 yields 2 ATP
, Autotroph Correct Answers an organism that is able to form
nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances
such as carbon dioxide.
bacteria Correct Answers Domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
bacterial cell wall Correct Answers composed of peptidoglycan
Bacterial growth curve Correct Answers Lag phase: metabolic
activity w/o division
Log phase: rapid cell division
Stationary phase: nutrient depletion slows growth. Spore
formation in some bacteria.
Death phase: prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste
products leads to death.
Bacteriophage Correct Answers A virus that infects bacteria
Baltimore classification Correct Answers a virus classification
system that groups viruses into families, depending on their type
of genome (DNA, RNA, single-stranded (ss), double-stranded
(ds), etc.) and their method of replication.
binary fission Correct Answers A form of asexual reproduction
in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two
cells of the same size
Bioaugmentation Correct Answers introduction of desirable
species such as nitrogen fixers to add essential nutrients
Solutions
2 component regulatory system Correct Answers Autoinducer
is excreted by the cell and diffuses away
When there is a high enough concentration of cells, autoinducer
diffuses back to the cell and binds with a sensor kinase.
The sensor kinase autophosphorylates at the histidine residue
The response regulator phosphorylates at the aspartic acid
residue, changing conformation to expose the DNA-binding
domain so that it can bind to the promoter and influence
transcription
16S rRNA Correct Answers A large polynucleotide (~1500
bases) that functions as part of the small subunit of the ribosome
of Bacteria and Archaea and from whose gene sequence
evolutionary information can be obtained; its eukaryotic
counterpart is 18S rRNA
Acidic vs Alkaline on the pH scale (philes) Correct Answers
acidic 0-5.5/acidophile
neutral 5.5-8.0/neutrophile
alkaline 8-11.5/alkalophile
acute Correct Answers New, usually of rapid onset and of
concern, opposite of chronic
adaptive immunity Correct Answers the ability to recognize
and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them
Aerobic Correct Answers Process that requires oxygen
,aerobic respiration Correct Answers Requires oxygen;
produces lots of energy (36-38 Units of ATP)
Algae Correct Answers Grow in soil, on trees and on the
bodies of turtles and frogs; smallest of all green plants
Ammonification Correct Answers decomposers convert
organic waste into ammonia
Anaerobic Correct Answers Process that does not require
oxygen
anaerobic respiration Correct Answers Respiration in the
absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.
anoxygenic photosynthesis Correct Answers Light-fueled
conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material that does not
produce oxygen
Archea Correct Answers prokaryotic, live in extreme
environments, all live without oxygen and get energy from
inorganic molecules and light. most are unicellular
asymptomatic carrier Correct Answers shows no symptoms
ATP, NADH, FADH2 fermentation/aerobic respiration Correct
Answers 2 ATP fermentation
38 ATP aerobic respiration
NADH yields 3 ATP
FADH2 yields 2 ATP
, Autotroph Correct Answers an organism that is able to form
nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances
such as carbon dioxide.
bacteria Correct Answers Domain of unicellular prokaryotes
that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
bacterial cell wall Correct Answers composed of peptidoglycan
Bacterial growth curve Correct Answers Lag phase: metabolic
activity w/o division
Log phase: rapid cell division
Stationary phase: nutrient depletion slows growth. Spore
formation in some bacteria.
Death phase: prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste
products leads to death.
Bacteriophage Correct Answers A virus that infects bacteria
Baltimore classification Correct Answers a virus classification
system that groups viruses into families, depending on their type
of genome (DNA, RNA, single-stranded (ss), double-stranded
(ds), etc.) and their method of replication.
binary fission Correct Answers A form of asexual reproduction
in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two
cells of the same size
Bioaugmentation Correct Answers introduction of desirable
species such as nitrogen fixers to add essential nutrients
