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NUR 265 EXAM 1 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK |NEW AND
REVISED
1. What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to
pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what?:
3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular ettects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
6. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
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7. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
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-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
8. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
9. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
10. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
12. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
13. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
14. What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
15. What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
• Anorexia
• Nausea/vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Uremic frost on skin
• Itching
• Fatigue and lethargy
• Hiccups
• Edema
• Dyspnea
• Paresthesia's
16. What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system: -HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
17. What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system: -Uremic frost
NUR 265 EXAM 1 2026 ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS ALREADY A GRADED WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK |NEW AND
REVISED
1. What is nephrotic syndrome?: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to
pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?: -
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what?:
3.5g in 24 hours
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular ettects and improve kidney function)
5. Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
6. Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
,2|Page
7. Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
,3|Page
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
8. How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
9. What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?: 65 mmHg
10. What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
11. During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?: Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
12. What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient?: -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
13. What are the 2 most common causes of CKD?: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
14. What is azotemia?: Nitrogenous waste build up
15. What are manifestations of uremia?: •Metallic taste in mouth
• Anorexia
• Nausea/vomiting
• Muscle cramps
• Uremic frost on skin
• Itching
• Fatigue and lethargy
• Hiccups
• Edema
• Dyspnea
• Paresthesia's
16. What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system: -HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
17. What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system: -Uremic frost
