BIOL 133: Ch. 9 DNA Structure and
Replication
✅✅
U.S. microbiologists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that ______________ -
-protein is not the hereditary material
✅✅
DNA replication begins when an unwinding protein called a(n) ___________ breaks the
hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair. - -helicase
Identify the components of a DNA nucleotide. - ✅✅-Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate group
✅✅
In the context of Frederick Griffith's experiment, match the types of strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae with their respective characteristics. - -Type R - This
strain lacked polysaccharide capsule and was nonvirulent
Type S - This strain had polysaccharide and was virulent
List the following steps in DNA replication from the beginning till the end of the
✅✅
replication process in the order in which they occur. Start with the earliest on top. -
-- Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair
- Helicase opens up a localized area, enabling other enzymes to guide assembly of a
new DNA strand
- Binding proteins hold two single strands apart and primase attracts complementary
RNA nucleotides to build an RNA primer
- RNA primer attracts DNAP
- New bases are added one at a time, starting at the RNA primer
- DNA polymerase removes RNA primer
What is the first and best-known DNA amplification technique? - ✅✅-Polymerase
chain reaction
A single building block of DNA is called a(n) ___________ - ✅✅-nucleotide
✅✅
In the context of Frederick Griffith's experiment, which of the following experimental
steps lead to the death of the mouse after developing pneumonia? - -- Type S
bacteria injected into a mouse
- Type R and heat-killed type S bacteria injected into a mouse
What is the function of the enzyme ligase during DNA replication? - ✅✅-To seal the
sugar-phosphate backbones of adjacent DNA segments
When Griffith injected mice with a mixture of type R bacteria plus heat-killed type S
bacteria, the mice died of pneumonia. Their bodies contained live type S bacteria,
✅✅
encased in a capsule. Griffith used the term ____________ to describe the apparent
conversion of one bacterial type into another. - -transformation
The Austrian-American biochemist who showed that DNA in several species contains
✅✅
equal amounts of the bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) and equal amounts of the
bases guanine (G) and cytosine (C) was __________ - -Erwin Chargaff
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the - ✅✅-determination that DNA
had a structure of a double helix
Replication
✅✅
U.S. microbiologists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase showed that ______________ -
-protein is not the hereditary material
✅✅
DNA replication begins when an unwinding protein called a(n) ___________ breaks the
hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair. - -helicase
Identify the components of a DNA nucleotide. - ✅✅-Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose
sugar, phosphate group
✅✅
In the context of Frederick Griffith's experiment, match the types of strains of
Streptococcus pneumoniae with their respective characteristics. - -Type R - This
strain lacked polysaccharide capsule and was nonvirulent
Type S - This strain had polysaccharide and was virulent
List the following steps in DNA replication from the beginning till the end of the
✅✅
replication process in the order in which they occur. Start with the earliest on top. -
-- Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds that connect a base pair
- Helicase opens up a localized area, enabling other enzymes to guide assembly of a
new DNA strand
- Binding proteins hold two single strands apart and primase attracts complementary
RNA nucleotides to build an RNA primer
- RNA primer attracts DNAP
- New bases are added one at a time, starting at the RNA primer
- DNA polymerase removes RNA primer
What is the first and best-known DNA amplification technique? - ✅✅-Polymerase
chain reaction
A single building block of DNA is called a(n) ___________ - ✅✅-nucleotide
✅✅
In the context of Frederick Griffith's experiment, which of the following experimental
steps lead to the death of the mouse after developing pneumonia? - -- Type S
bacteria injected into a mouse
- Type R and heat-killed type S bacteria injected into a mouse
What is the function of the enzyme ligase during DNA replication? - ✅✅-To seal the
sugar-phosphate backbones of adjacent DNA segments
When Griffith injected mice with a mixture of type R bacteria plus heat-killed type S
bacteria, the mice died of pneumonia. Their bodies contained live type S bacteria,
✅✅
encased in a capsule. Griffith used the term ____________ to describe the apparent
conversion of one bacterial type into another. - -transformation
The Austrian-American biochemist who showed that DNA in several species contains
✅✅
equal amounts of the bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) and equal amounts of the
bases guanine (G) and cytosine (C) was __________ - -Erwin Chargaff
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the - ✅✅-determination that DNA
had a structure of a double helix
