NR-228 Nutrition Health and Wellness Courtney U
Russ High Yield Comprehensive Practice Exam
with Rationales and Study Guide for July 2026
Nursing Students Just Released
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Questions
1 Foundations of Nutrition Questions 1 to 20
2 Macronutrients Carbohydrates Questions 21 to 35
3 Macronutrients Proteins Questions 36 to 50
4 Macronutrients Lipids Fats Questions 51 to 65
5 Micronutrients Vitamins Questions 66 to 80
6 Micronutrients Minerals Questions 81 to 95
7 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Questions 96 to 110
8 Nutrition Across the Lifespan Questions 111 to 125
9 Nutrition in Health Promotion Questions 126 to 140
10 Nutrition in Disease Management Questions 141 to 160
11 Nutritional Assessment Questions 161 to 180
12 Weight Management and Eating Disorders Questions 181 to 200
Brief Study Tips by Topic
SECTION 1 FOUNDATIONS OF NUTRITION
Questions 1 to 20
Question 1
A nurse is educating a patient about the six essential nutrients required for
human health. Which nutrient provides the body with the most concentrated
source of energy
A Lipids fats
B Carbohydrates
C Proteins
D Vitamins
E Minerals
,
Answer A Lipids fats
Rationale Lipids provide 9 kilocalories per gram, making them the most
concentrated source of energy. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4
kilocalories per gram. Vitamins and minerals do not provide energy but are
essential for metabolic processes. The nurse should educate patients about
balancing macronutrient intake.
Question 2
A nurse is assessing a patient's dietary intake. The patient reports consuming a
diet high in saturated fats. Which health condition is most associated with a
diet high in saturated fats
A Cardiovascular disease
B Osteoporosis
C Anemia
D Vitamin deficiency
E Dehydration
Answer A Cardiovascular disease
Rationale A diet high in saturated fats is associated with increased LDL
cholesterol levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis
is associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Anemia is associated
with iron deficiency. Vitamin deficiency is associated with inadequate vitamin
intake. Dehydration is associated with inadequate fluid intake.
Question 3
A nurse is teaching a patient about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Which recommendation is consistent with the current guidelines
A Limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories
B Consume unlimited amounts of saturated fats
C Increase intake of refined grains
D Decrease intake of fruits and vegetables
E Consume high amounts of sodium
Answer A Limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories
Rationale The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added
sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories. Saturated fats should be
,
limited to less than 10 percent of calories. Refined grains should be limited.
Fruits and vegetables should be increased. Sodium should be limited to less
than 2,300 mg per day.
Question 4
A nurse is educating a patient about the concept of nutrient density. Which
food is most nutrient-dense
A Spinach
B Potato chips
C White bread
D Soda
E Candy
Answer A Spinach
Rationale Nutrient-dense foods provide a high amount of nutrients relative to
their calorie content. Spinach is nutrient-dense because it is rich in vitamins,
minerals, and fiber with few calories. Potato chips, white bread, soda, and
candy are calorie-dense but nutrient-poor. The nurse should encourage
patients to choose nutrient-dense foods.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a patient's eating patterns. The patient reports skipping
breakfast and eating large meals late at night. Which eating pattern does this
represent
A Disordered eating pattern
B Healthy eating pattern
C Vegetarian eating pattern
D Mediterranean eating pattern
E DASH eating pattern
Answer A Disordered eating pattern
Rationale Skipping meals and eating large meals late at night represents a
disordered eating pattern that may lead to poor nutritional status and weight
gain. Healthy eating patterns include regular meals with balanced nutrient
intake. Vegetarian, Mediterranean, and DASH diets are healthy patterns when
properly planned.
,
Question 6
A nurse is educating a patient about the role of fiber in the diet. Which benefit
is associated with adequate fiber intake
A Reduced risk of constipation and colorectal cancer
B Increased risk of heart disease
C Increased risk of diabetes
D Reduced absorption of vitamins
E Increased risk of diverticulitis
Answer A Reduced risk of constipation and colorectal cancer
Rationale Adequate fiber intake reduces the risk of constipation, diverticulitis,
and colorectal cancer. Fiber also helps reduce the risk of heart disease and
diabetes. Fiber does not reduce vitamin absorption when consumed in normal
amounts. The nurse should encourage patients to consume 25 to 38 grams of
fiber daily.
Question 7
A nurse is assessing a patient's hydration status. The patient reports drinking
mostly sugary beverages throughout the day. Which health risk is associated
with high consumption of sugary beverages
A Weight gain and obesity
B Dehydration
C Electrolyte imbalance
D Dental caries only
E Vitamin deficiency
Answer A Weight gain and obesity
Rationale High consumption of sugary beverages is associated with weight
gain, obesity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. While sugary beverages
can contribute to dehydration if they replace water, the primary concern is
excess calorie intake. Dental caries is also a concern but weight gain is the
more significant health risk.
Question 8
A nurse is educating a patient about the importance of breakfast. Which
benefit is associated with eating breakfast regularly
Russ High Yield Comprehensive Practice Exam
with Rationales and Study Guide for July 2026
Nursing Students Just Released
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic Questions
1 Foundations of Nutrition Questions 1 to 20
2 Macronutrients Carbohydrates Questions 21 to 35
3 Macronutrients Proteins Questions 36 to 50
4 Macronutrients Lipids Fats Questions 51 to 65
5 Micronutrients Vitamins Questions 66 to 80
6 Micronutrients Minerals Questions 81 to 95
7 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Questions 96 to 110
8 Nutrition Across the Lifespan Questions 111 to 125
9 Nutrition in Health Promotion Questions 126 to 140
10 Nutrition in Disease Management Questions 141 to 160
11 Nutritional Assessment Questions 161 to 180
12 Weight Management and Eating Disorders Questions 181 to 200
Brief Study Tips by Topic
SECTION 1 FOUNDATIONS OF NUTRITION
Questions 1 to 20
Question 1
A nurse is educating a patient about the six essential nutrients required for
human health. Which nutrient provides the body with the most concentrated
source of energy
A Lipids fats
B Carbohydrates
C Proteins
D Vitamins
E Minerals
,
Answer A Lipids fats
Rationale Lipids provide 9 kilocalories per gram, making them the most
concentrated source of energy. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4
kilocalories per gram. Vitamins and minerals do not provide energy but are
essential for metabolic processes. The nurse should educate patients about
balancing macronutrient intake.
Question 2
A nurse is assessing a patient's dietary intake. The patient reports consuming a
diet high in saturated fats. Which health condition is most associated with a
diet high in saturated fats
A Cardiovascular disease
B Osteoporosis
C Anemia
D Vitamin deficiency
E Dehydration
Answer A Cardiovascular disease
Rationale A diet high in saturated fats is associated with increased LDL
cholesterol levels and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Osteoporosis
is associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Anemia is associated
with iron deficiency. Vitamin deficiency is associated with inadequate vitamin
intake. Dehydration is associated with inadequate fluid intake.
Question 3
A nurse is teaching a patient about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Which recommendation is consistent with the current guidelines
A Limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories
B Consume unlimited amounts of saturated fats
C Increase intake of refined grains
D Decrease intake of fruits and vegetables
E Consume high amounts of sodium
Answer A Limit added sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories
Rationale The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added
sugars to less than 10 percent of daily calories. Saturated fats should be
,
limited to less than 10 percent of calories. Refined grains should be limited.
Fruits and vegetables should be increased. Sodium should be limited to less
than 2,300 mg per day.
Question 4
A nurse is educating a patient about the concept of nutrient density. Which
food is most nutrient-dense
A Spinach
B Potato chips
C White bread
D Soda
E Candy
Answer A Spinach
Rationale Nutrient-dense foods provide a high amount of nutrients relative to
their calorie content. Spinach is nutrient-dense because it is rich in vitamins,
minerals, and fiber with few calories. Potato chips, white bread, soda, and
candy are calorie-dense but nutrient-poor. The nurse should encourage
patients to choose nutrient-dense foods.
Question 5
A nurse is assessing a patient's eating patterns. The patient reports skipping
breakfast and eating large meals late at night. Which eating pattern does this
represent
A Disordered eating pattern
B Healthy eating pattern
C Vegetarian eating pattern
D Mediterranean eating pattern
E DASH eating pattern
Answer A Disordered eating pattern
Rationale Skipping meals and eating large meals late at night represents a
disordered eating pattern that may lead to poor nutritional status and weight
gain. Healthy eating patterns include regular meals with balanced nutrient
intake. Vegetarian, Mediterranean, and DASH diets are healthy patterns when
properly planned.
,
Question 6
A nurse is educating a patient about the role of fiber in the diet. Which benefit
is associated with adequate fiber intake
A Reduced risk of constipation and colorectal cancer
B Increased risk of heart disease
C Increased risk of diabetes
D Reduced absorption of vitamins
E Increased risk of diverticulitis
Answer A Reduced risk of constipation and colorectal cancer
Rationale Adequate fiber intake reduces the risk of constipation, diverticulitis,
and colorectal cancer. Fiber also helps reduce the risk of heart disease and
diabetes. Fiber does not reduce vitamin absorption when consumed in normal
amounts. The nurse should encourage patients to consume 25 to 38 grams of
fiber daily.
Question 7
A nurse is assessing a patient's hydration status. The patient reports drinking
mostly sugary beverages throughout the day. Which health risk is associated
with high consumption of sugary beverages
A Weight gain and obesity
B Dehydration
C Electrolyte imbalance
D Dental caries only
E Vitamin deficiency
Answer A Weight gain and obesity
Rationale High consumption of sugary beverages is associated with weight
gain, obesity, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. While sugary beverages
can contribute to dehydration if they replace water, the primary concern is
excess calorie intake. Dental caries is also a concern but weight gain is the
more significant health risk.
Question 8
A nurse is educating a patient about the importance of breakfast. Which
benefit is associated with eating breakfast regularly
