1 | Page
BIO 251 FINAL EXAM 2026
ESSENTIAL WORDS TO KNOW
2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Accommodation - ANSWER-Adjustment of the lens to focus on
near objects.
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER-Neurotransmitter released at
neuromuscular junctions to initiate contraction.
Actin - ANSWER-Thin filament involved in muscle contraction.
Action potential - ANSWER-Rapid electrical signal traveling
along excitable cells.
Adipose tissue - ANSWER-Fat-storing connective tissue
providing insulation and protection.
,2 | Page
Amino acid - ANSWER-Basic building block of proteins.
Arachnoid mater - ANSWER-Middle meningeal layer.
Arrector pili muscle - ANSWER-Smooth muscle that elevates
hair follicles.
Articular cartilage - ANSWER-Smooth hyaline cartilage
covering bone ends in joints.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER-Primary energy
molecule of the cell.
Auricle - ANSWER-External ear structure directing sound into
ear canal.
Axon terminal - ANSWER-End of a neuron that releases
neurotransmitter.
, 3 | Page
Basale (stratum basale) - ANSWER-Deepest epidermal layer;
site of mitosis.
Bilateral symmetry - ANSWER-(Implied in diagrams; often
referenced) Organization with mirrored sides.
Blind spot - ANSWER-Area where optic nerve exits the eye; no
photoreceptors.
Bone matrix - ANSWER-Collagen/mineral extracellular
component of bone.
Cation - ANSWER-Positively charged ion formed by electron
loss.
Calcitonin - ANSWER-Thyroid hormone lowering blood calcium.
BIO 251 FINAL EXAM 2026
ESSENTIAL WORDS TO KNOW
2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Accommodation - ANSWER-Adjustment of the lens to focus on
near objects.
Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANSWER-Neurotransmitter released at
neuromuscular junctions to initiate contraction.
Actin - ANSWER-Thin filament involved in muscle contraction.
Action potential - ANSWER-Rapid electrical signal traveling
along excitable cells.
Adipose tissue - ANSWER-Fat-storing connective tissue
providing insulation and protection.
,2 | Page
Amino acid - ANSWER-Basic building block of proteins.
Arachnoid mater - ANSWER-Middle meningeal layer.
Arrector pili muscle - ANSWER-Smooth muscle that elevates
hair follicles.
Articular cartilage - ANSWER-Smooth hyaline cartilage
covering bone ends in joints.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER-Primary energy
molecule of the cell.
Auricle - ANSWER-External ear structure directing sound into
ear canal.
Axon terminal - ANSWER-End of a neuron that releases
neurotransmitter.
, 3 | Page
Basale (stratum basale) - ANSWER-Deepest epidermal layer;
site of mitosis.
Bilateral symmetry - ANSWER-(Implied in diagrams; often
referenced) Organization with mirrored sides.
Blind spot - ANSWER-Area where optic nerve exits the eye; no
photoreceptors.
Bone matrix - ANSWER-Collagen/mineral extracellular
component of bone.
Cation - ANSWER-Positively charged ion formed by electron
loss.
Calcitonin - ANSWER-Thyroid hormone lowering blood calcium.
