AP PSYCHOLOGY MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to e
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
xperience?
A) acquisition
cx
B) stimulus
cx
C) learning
cx
D) habituation
cx
E) response - ansC) learning
cx cx cx cx
Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the light. When
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Randy claps in approval of Lynn's presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. What con
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
cept has Charlie demonstrated?
cx cx cx
A) habituation
cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) spontaneous recovery
cx cx
D) extinction
cx
E) habituation - ansB) discrimination
cx cx cx cx
Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) forgets about them
cx cx cx
B) lays them out in sequence
cx cx cx cx cx
C) shuts down
cx cx
D) anticipates events
cx cx
E) receives a reward - ansD) anticipates events
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus
cx cx cx cx cx
A) naturally triggers a response
cx cx cx cx
B) is a naturally occurring response
cx cx cx cx cx
C) is initially irrelevant, and then comes to trigger a response
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) objectively studies psychology
cx cx cx
E) is Pavlovian - ansA) naturally triggers a response
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Stu
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
dents quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell. What principle does
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
this illustrate?
cx
A) acquisition
cx
B) habituation
cx
C) generalization
cx
D) functional fixedness
cx cx
,E) stimulus - ansC) generalization
cx cx cx cx
The work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson fits best into which of psychology's perspectives
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
?
A) humanism
cx
B) gestalt psychology
cx cx
C) trait theory
cx cx
D) behaviorism
cx
E) neuropsychology - ansD) behaviorism
cx cx cx cx
What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinfo
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
rcer?
A) operant condition
cx cx
B) respondent behavior
cx cx
C) classical condition
cx cx
D) shaping
cx
E) punishment - ansA) operant condition
cx cx cx cx cx
Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) innately reinforcing stimulus
cx cx cx
C) something that when removed increases the likelihood of the behavior
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) an event that decreases the behavior it follows
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) an amplified stimulus feeding back information to responses -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansA) something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more lik
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ely is known as what?
cx cx cx cx
A) law of effect
cx cx cx
B) operant condition
cx cx
C) shaping
cx
D) respondent behavior
cx cx
E) discrimination - ansA) law of effect
cx cx cx cx cx cx
All of the following are examples of primary reinforces except a
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) rat's food reward in Skinner box
cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) cold drink on hot day
cx cx cx cx cx
C) high score on exam for which student studied diligently
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) hug from loved one
cx cx cx cx
E) large meal following fast - ansC) high scores on exam for which student studied diligently
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call it when the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) generalization
cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) spontaneous recovery
cx cx
D) extinction
cx
,E) acquisition - ansD) extinction
cx cx cx cx
The basic idea behind classical condition is that the organism
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) associates events
cx cx
B) associates behavior and resulting events
cx cx cx cx cx
C) voluntarily operates on the environment
cx cx cx cx cx
D) associates response with a consequence
cx cx cx cx cx
E) quits responding when reward stops - ansA) associates events
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
a. acquisition
cx
b. spontaneous recovery
cx cx
c. discrimination
cx
d. operant conditioning
cx cx
e. classical conditioning - ansB) spontaneous recovery
cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) respondent behavior
cx cx
B) operant behavior
cx cx
C) extinguished behavior
cx cx
D) biofeedback condition
cx cx
E) skinnerian conditioning - ansA) respondent behavior
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Superstitious behavior can be produced by cx cx cx cx cx
A) careful manipulation of a classical conditioning experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) the accidental timing of rewards
cx cx cx cx cx
C) possession of a large number of traditionally lucky items
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) cognitive awareness of superstitious behavior in others
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) the change in a reinforcement schedule from ratio to interval -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansB) the accidental timing of rewards
cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to av
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
oid threatened punishment?
cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) extrinsic motivation
cx cx
C) intrinsic motivation
cx cx
D) insight learning
cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansB) extrinsic motivation
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Which ability is a good predictor of good adjustment, better grades, and social success?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) self-control
cx
B) locus of control
cx cx cx
C) problem-focused coping
cx cx
D) learned helplessness
cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansA) self-control
cx cx cx cx cx
, Elephants appear to have the capacity to remember large-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
scale spaces over long periods. Which of the following best identifies this capacity?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) insight cx
C) cognitive maps
cx cx
D) intrinsic motivation
cx cx
E) extrinsic motivation - ansC) cognitive maps
cx cx cx cx cx cx
The perception that we control our fate is also called what?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) self-controlcx
B) learned helplessness
cx cx
C) internal locus of control
cx cx cx cx
D) external locus of control
cx cx cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansC) internal locus of control
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
, the solution came to her. Her experience can be described as what?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) cognitive mapping
cx cx
B) insight cx
C) operant condition
cx cx
D) classical condition
cx cx
E) unconscious associative-learning - ansB) insight
cx cx cx cx cx
Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment is most closely associated with which?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) classical conditioning
cx cx
C) operant conditioning
cx cx
D) cognitive maps
cx cx
E) observational learning - ansE) observational learning
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Which of the following processes is the best term for explaining how we learn languages?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) biofeedback cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) modeling cx
D) insight cx
E) creativity - ansC) modeling
cx cx cx cx
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experience something we observe? cx cx cx
A) actual physical injury
cx cx cx
B) risk of misremembering our own actions
cx cx cx cx cx cx
C) interference with associative learning
cx cx cx cx
D) elimination of classical conditioned responses to stimuli
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) a confusion between reinforces and rewards in operant conditioning setting -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansB) risk of misremembering our own actions
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which of the following is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to e
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
xperience?
A) acquisition
cx
B) stimulus
cx
C) learning
cx
D) habituation
cx
E) response - ansC) learning
cx cx cx cx
Lynn is teaching learning. Every time she claps her hands, Charlie turns off the light. When
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Randy claps in approval of Lynn's presentation, Charlie does not turn the light off. What con
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
cept has Charlie demonstrated?
cx cx cx
A) habituation
cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) spontaneous recovery
cx cx
D) extinction
cx
E) habituation - ansB) discrimination
cx cx cx cx
Classical conditioning is the type of learning in which a person links two or more stimuli and
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) forgets about them
cx cx cx
B) lays them out in sequence
cx cx cx cx cx
C) shuts down
cx cx
D) anticipates events
cx cx
E) receives a reward - ansD) anticipates events
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus
cx cx cx cx cx
A) naturally triggers a response
cx cx cx cx
B) is a naturally occurring response
cx cx cx cx cx
C) is initially irrelevant, and then comes to trigger a response
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) objectively studies psychology
cx cx cx
E) is Pavlovian - ansA) naturally triggers a response
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Students are accustomed to a bell ringing to indicate the end of a class period. The principal
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
decides to substitute popular music for the bell to indicate the end of each class period. Stu
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
dents quickly respond to the music in the same way they did to the bell. What principle does
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
this illustrate?
cx
A) acquisition
cx
B) habituation
cx
C) generalization
cx
D) functional fixedness
cx cx
,E) stimulus - ansC) generalization
cx cx cx cx
The work of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson fits best into which of psychology's perspectives
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
?
A) humanism
cx
B) gestalt psychology
cx cx
C) trait theory
cx cx
D) behaviorism
cx
E) neuropsychology - ansD) behaviorism
cx cx cx cx
What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinfo
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
rcer?
A) operant condition
cx cx
B) respondent behavior
cx cx
C) classical condition
cx cx
D) shaping
cx
E) punishment - ansA) operant condition
cx cx cx cx cx
Which of the following best describes a discriminative stimulus?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) innately reinforcing stimulus
cx cx cx
C) something that when removed increases the likelihood of the behavior
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) an event that decreases the behavior it follows
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) an amplified stimulus feeding back information to responses -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansA) something that elicits a response after association with a reinforcer
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more lik
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ely is known as what?
cx cx cx cx
A) law of effect
cx cx cx
B) operant condition
cx cx
C) shaping
cx
D) respondent behavior
cx cx
E) discrimination - ansA) law of effect
cx cx cx cx cx cx
All of the following are examples of primary reinforces except a
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) rat's food reward in Skinner box
cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) cold drink on hot day
cx cx cx cx cx
C) high score on exam for which student studied diligently
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) hug from loved one
cx cx cx cx
E) large meal following fast - ansC) high scores on exam for which student studied diligently
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call it when the CR decreases as the CS is repeatedly presented alone?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) generalization
cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) spontaneous recovery
cx cx
D) extinction
cx
,E) acquisition - ansD) extinction
cx cx cx cx
The basic idea behind classical condition is that the organism
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) associates events
cx cx
B) associates behavior and resulting events
cx cx cx cx cx
C) voluntarily operates on the environment
cx cx cx cx cx
D) associates response with a consequence
cx cx cx cx cx
E) quits responding when reward stops - ansA) associates events
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished response?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
a. acquisition
cx
b. spontaneous recovery
cx cx
c. discrimination
cx
d. operant conditioning
cx cx
e. classical conditioning - ansB) spontaneous recovery
cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) respondent behavior
cx cx
B) operant behavior
cx cx
C) extinguished behavior
cx cx
D) biofeedback condition
cx cx
E) skinnerian conditioning - ansA) respondent behavior
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Superstitious behavior can be produced by cx cx cx cx cx
A) careful manipulation of a classical conditioning experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
B) the accidental timing of rewards
cx cx cx cx cx
C) possession of a large number of traditionally lucky items
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
D) cognitive awareness of superstitious behavior in others
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) the change in a reinforcement schedule from ratio to interval -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansB) the accidental timing of rewards
cx cx cx cx cx cx
What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to av
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
oid threatened punishment?
cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) extrinsic motivation
cx cx
C) intrinsic motivation
cx cx
D) insight learning
cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansB) extrinsic motivation
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Which ability is a good predictor of good adjustment, better grades, and social success?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) self-control
cx
B) locus of control
cx cx cx
C) problem-focused coping
cx cx
D) learned helplessness
cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansA) self-control
cx cx cx cx cx
, Elephants appear to have the capacity to remember large-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
scale spaces over long periods. Which of the following best identifies this capacity?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) insight cx
C) cognitive maps
cx cx
D) intrinsic motivation
cx cx
E) extrinsic motivation - ansC) cognitive maps
cx cx cx cx cx cx
The perception that we control our fate is also called what?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) self-controlcx
B) learned helplessness
cx cx
C) internal locus of control
cx cx cx cx
D) external locus of control
cx cx cx cx
E) emotion-focused coping - ansC) internal locus of control
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A woman had been pondering a problem for days and was about to give up when, suddenly
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
, the solution came to her. Her experience can be described as what?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) cognitive mapping
cx cx
B) insight cx
C) operant condition
cx cx
D) classical condition
cx cx
E) unconscious associative-learning - ansB) insight
cx cx cx cx cx
Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment is most closely associated with which?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) latent learning
cx cx
B) classical conditioning
cx cx
C) operant conditioning
cx cx
D) cognitive maps
cx cx
E) observational learning - ansE) observational learning
cx cx cx cx cx cx
Which of the following processes is the best term for explaining how we learn languages?
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
A) biofeedback cx
B) discrimination
cx
C) modeling cx
D) insight cx
E) creativity - ansC) modeling
cx cx cx cx
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experience something we observe? cx cx cx
A) actual physical injury
cx cx cx
B) risk of misremembering our own actions
cx cx cx cx cx cx
C) interference with associative learning
cx cx cx cx
D) elimination of classical conditioned responses to stimuli
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
E) a confusion between reinforces and rewards in operant conditioning setting -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ansB) risk of misremembering our own actions
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
