AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
psychology - ansthe scientific study of behavior and mental processes
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
behavior - ansan observable action cx cx cx cx
monism - ansseeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
dualism - ansseeing mind and body as two different things that interact
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
eclectic - ansuse of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
empiricism - cx
ansthe view that knowledge should be acquired through observation and often an experim
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ent
science - answay of getting knowledge about the world based on observation
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
theory - cx
ansa collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward to describe, explain, and predict
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
behavior and mental processes cx cx cx
scientific method - cx cx
ansin psychology, the techniques used to discover knowledge about human behavior and
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
mental processes cx
hypothesis - cx
ansa tentative statement or idea expressing a causal relationship between two events or v
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ariables that is to be evaluated in a research study
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experiment - cx
ansa procedure in which a researcher systematically manipulates and observes elements
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
of a situation in order to test a hypothesis and make a cause-and-effect statement
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
independent variable - cx cx
ansthe variable in a controlled experiment that the experimenter directly and purposefully
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
manipulates to see how the other variables under study will be affected
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
,dependent variable - cx cx
ansthe variable in a controlled experiment that is expected to change due to the manipulati
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
on of the independent variable
cx cx cx cx
experimental group - cx cx
ansin an experiment, the group of participants to whom a treatment is given
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
control group - anssubjects and not exposed to a changing variable in an experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
variable - cx
ansa condition or characteristic of a situation or a person that is subject to change (it varies)
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
within or across situations or individuals
cx cx cx cx cx cx
sample - cx
ansa group of participants who are assumed to be representative of the population about w
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
hich an inference is being made
cx cx cx cx cx
random sample - cx cx
ansselection of a part of the population without reason; participation is by chance
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
operational definition - cx cx
ansa definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods or procedures used to measure o
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
r study that variable
cx cx cx
participant - cx
ansan individual who takes part in an experiment and whose behavior is observed as part o
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
f the data collection process
cx cx cx cx
double-blind procedure - cx cx
anstechnique in which neither the persons involved for those conducting the experiment kn
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ow in what group to participate is involved
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
debriefing - cx
ansa procedure to inform participants about the true nature of an experiment after its compl
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
etion
ethics - cx
ansrules of proper and acceptable conduct that investigators use to guide psychological re
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
search
ethnocentrism - cx
anstendency to believe that one's own group is the standard, the reference point by which
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
other people and groups should be judged
cx cx cx cx cx cx
case study - ansa highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
,ex post facto study -
cx cx cx cx
ansdescribes differences between groups of participants that differ naturally on a variable
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
such as race or gender
cx cx cx cx
naturalistic observation - cx cx
ansobserving and recording behavior naturally without trying to manipulate and control the
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
situation
correlational research - ansestablish the relationship between two variables
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
survey research - cx cx
ansthe measurement of public opinion through the use of sampling and questioning
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experimenter bias - cx cx
ansexpectation of the person conducting an experiment which may be affect the outcome
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
observer bias - ansexpectations of an observer which may distort an authentic observation
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
response bias - cx cx
anspreconceived notions of a person answering [a survey] which may alter the experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s purpose
cx
informed consent - cx cx
ansthe agreement of participants to take part in an experiment and their acknowledgement
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx c
that they understand the nature of their participation in the research, and have been fully inf
x cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ormed about the general nature of the research, its goals, and methods
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
normal distribution - cx cx
ansapproximate distribution of scores expected when a sample is taken from a large popul
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ation, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes the form of a bell-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
shaped curve, called the normal curve cx cx cx cx cx
placebo - anstypically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a sugar pill
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
pseudoscience - cx
ansan unscientific system which pretends to discover psychological information that his m
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
eans are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent
cx cx cx cx cx
representative sample - cx cx
ansselection of a part of the population which mirrors the current demographics
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
significant difference - cx cx
ansin an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to have occurred because of chance alon
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
e and is inferred to be most likely due to the systematic manipulations of variables by the res
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
earcher
, self-fulfilling prophecy - cx cx
answhen a researcher's expectations unknowingly create a situation that affects the result
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s
statistics - cx
ansbranch of mathematics that deals with collecting, classifying, and analyzing data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
descriptive statistics - cx cx
ansgeneral set of procedures used to summarize, condense, and describe sets of data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
frequency distribution - cx cx
ansa chart or array of scores, usually arranged from highest to lowest, showing the number
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx c
of instances for each score
x cx cx cx cx
frequency polygon - cx cx
ansgraph of a frequency distribution that shows the number of instances of obtained score
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s, usually with the data points connect by straight lines
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
measure of central tendency - cx cx cx cx
ansa descriptive statistic that tells which result or score best represents an entire set of sco
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
res
mean - ansthe arithmetic average of a set of scores
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
median - cx
ansthe measure of central tendency that is the data point with 50% of the scores above it an
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
d 50% below it
cx cx cx
mode - ansthe most frequently occurring score in a set of data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
range - ansthe spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a distribution
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
correlation coefficient - cx cx
ansa number that expresses the degree and direction of the relationship between 2 variabl
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
es, ranging from -1 to +1
cx cx cx cx cx
inferential statistics - cx cx
ansprocedures used to draw conclusions about larger populations from small samples of d
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ata
normal distribution - cx cx
ansapproximate distribution of scores expected when a sample is taken from a large popul
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ation, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes the form of a bell-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
shaped curve, called the normal curve cx cx cx cx cx
ANSWERS
psychology - ansthe scientific study of behavior and mental processes
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
behavior - ansan observable action cx cx cx cx
monism - ansseeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
dualism - ansseeing mind and body as two different things that interact
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
eclectic - ansuse of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
empiricism - cx
ansthe view that knowledge should be acquired through observation and often an experim
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ent
science - answay of getting knowledge about the world based on observation
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
theory - cx
ansa collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward to describe, explain, and predict
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
behavior and mental processes cx cx cx
scientific method - cx cx
ansin psychology, the techniques used to discover knowledge about human behavior and
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
mental processes cx
hypothesis - cx
ansa tentative statement or idea expressing a causal relationship between two events or v
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ariables that is to be evaluated in a research study
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experiment - cx
ansa procedure in which a researcher systematically manipulates and observes elements
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
of a situation in order to test a hypothesis and make a cause-and-effect statement
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
independent variable - cx cx
ansthe variable in a controlled experiment that the experimenter directly and purposefully
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
manipulates to see how the other variables under study will be affected
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
,dependent variable - cx cx
ansthe variable in a controlled experiment that is expected to change due to the manipulati
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
on of the independent variable
cx cx cx cx
experimental group - cx cx
ansin an experiment, the group of participants to whom a treatment is given
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
control group - anssubjects and not exposed to a changing variable in an experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
variable - cx
ansa condition or characteristic of a situation or a person that is subject to change (it varies)
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
within or across situations or individuals
cx cx cx cx cx cx
sample - cx
ansa group of participants who are assumed to be representative of the population about w
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
hich an inference is being made
cx cx cx cx cx
random sample - cx cx
ansselection of a part of the population without reason; participation is by chance
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
operational definition - cx cx
ansa definition of a variable in terms of the set of methods or procedures used to measure o
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
r study that variable
cx cx cx
participant - cx
ansan individual who takes part in an experiment and whose behavior is observed as part o
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
f the data collection process
cx cx cx cx
double-blind procedure - cx cx
anstechnique in which neither the persons involved for those conducting the experiment kn
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ow in what group to participate is involved
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
debriefing - cx
ansa procedure to inform participants about the true nature of an experiment after its compl
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
etion
ethics - cx
ansrules of proper and acceptable conduct that investigators use to guide psychological re
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
search
ethnocentrism - cx
anstendency to believe that one's own group is the standard, the reference point by which
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
other people and groups should be judged
cx cx cx cx cx cx
case study - ansa highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
,ex post facto study -
cx cx cx cx
ansdescribes differences between groups of participants that differ naturally on a variable
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
such as race or gender
cx cx cx cx
naturalistic observation - cx cx
ansobserving and recording behavior naturally without trying to manipulate and control the
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
situation
correlational research - ansestablish the relationship between two variables
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
survey research - cx cx
ansthe measurement of public opinion through the use of sampling and questioning
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
experimenter bias - cx cx
ansexpectation of the person conducting an experiment which may be affect the outcome
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
observer bias - ansexpectations of an observer which may distort an authentic observation
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
response bias - cx cx
anspreconceived notions of a person answering [a survey] which may alter the experiment
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s purpose
cx
informed consent - cx cx
ansthe agreement of participants to take part in an experiment and their acknowledgement
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx c
that they understand the nature of their participation in the research, and have been fully inf
x cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ormed about the general nature of the research, its goals, and methods
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
normal distribution - cx cx
ansapproximate distribution of scores expected when a sample is taken from a large popul
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ation, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes the form of a bell-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
shaped curve, called the normal curve cx cx cx cx cx
placebo - anstypically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a sugar pill
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
pseudoscience - cx
ansan unscientific system which pretends to discover psychological information that his m
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
eans are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent
cx cx cx cx cx
representative sample - cx cx
ansselection of a part of the population which mirrors the current demographics
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
significant difference - cx cx
ansin an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to have occurred because of chance alon
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
e and is inferred to be most likely due to the systematic manipulations of variables by the res
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
earcher
, self-fulfilling prophecy - cx cx
answhen a researcher's expectations unknowingly create a situation that affects the result
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s
statistics - cx
ansbranch of mathematics that deals with collecting, classifying, and analyzing data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
descriptive statistics - cx cx
ansgeneral set of procedures used to summarize, condense, and describe sets of data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
frequency distribution - cx cx
ansa chart or array of scores, usually arranged from highest to lowest, showing the number
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx c
of instances for each score
x cx cx cx cx
frequency polygon - cx cx
ansgraph of a frequency distribution that shows the number of instances of obtained score
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
s, usually with the data points connect by straight lines
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
measure of central tendency - cx cx cx cx
ansa descriptive statistic that tells which result or score best represents an entire set of sco
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
res
mean - ansthe arithmetic average of a set of scores
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
median - cx
ansthe measure of central tendency that is the data point with 50% of the scores above it an
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
d 50% below it
cx cx cx
mode - ansthe most frequently occurring score in a set of data
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
range - ansthe spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a distribution
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
correlation coefficient - cx cx
ansa number that expresses the degree and direction of the relationship between 2 variabl
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
es, ranging from -1 to +1
cx cx cx cx cx
inferential statistics - cx cx
ansprocedures used to draw conclusions about larger populations from small samples of d
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ata
normal distribution - cx cx
ansapproximate distribution of scores expected when a sample is taken from a large popul
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
ation, drawn as a frequency polygon that often takes the form of a bell-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx
shaped curve, called the normal curve cx cx cx cx cx
