HMX IMMUNOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2026 | COMPLETE REVIEW &
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine Mast cell
upon activation?
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of Adhesion molecules
molecule within blood vessel walls?
E-Selectin An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate
immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood
vessel endothelium in innate immune response
ICAM-1 An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel
endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction)
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds
to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to
adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue
, Pus Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory
response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are
caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an inflammatory
response
Psoriasis risk factors History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells
into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial cells to produce
thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) Target the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the
expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha
from acting directly on epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
adhesion molecules
GUIDE 2026 | COMPLETE REVIEW &
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine Mast cell
upon activation?
Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of Adhesion molecules
molecule within blood vessel walls?
E-Selectin An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate
immune response (low-affinity interaction)
E-Selectin Ligand A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood
vessel endothelium in innate immune response
ICAM-1 An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel
endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction)
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds
to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
Stable Arrest When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to
adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue
, Pus Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory
response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
Psoriasis overview Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are
caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an inflammatory
response
Psoriasis risk factors History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
TNF-alpha in psoriasis A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells
into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial cells to produce
thickened/raised patches
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) Target the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the
expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha
from acting directly on epithelial cells
Possible side effects of medications that block Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue
adhesion molecules
