BIOLOGY I EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
5 steps of scientific method -CORRECT ANSWER-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation -CORRECT ANSWER-act of viewing the world around us
question -CORRECT ANSWER-made based off of an observation
hypothesis -CORRECT ANSWER-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment -CORRECT ANSWER-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction -CORRECT ANSWER-a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the
outcome you would observe if your hypothesis was supported
,theory -CORRECT ANSWER-a sound explanation of the world supported through continued
observation and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment -CORRECT ANSWER-1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable -CORRECT ANSWER-feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to
the next
test group -CORRECT ANSWER-exposed to variable in an experiment
control group -CORRECT ANSWER-not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group -CORRECT ANSWER-they allow researchers to
determine whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable -CORRECT ANSWER-manipulation performed on the test group
(ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? -CORRECT ANSWER-x-axis
dependent variable -CORRECT ANSWER-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? -CORRECT ANSWER-y-axis
theory of evolution -CORRECT ANSWER-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful
explanation for both biological observations & the diversity of life
, why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? -CORRECT ANSWER-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific
questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms -CORRECT ANSWER-1.
organization - complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER-energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? -CORRECT ANSWER--
living organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER-the amount of entropy in the universe is
constantly increasing
entropy -CORRECT ANSWER-amount of disorder in a system
disorder -CORRECT ANSWER-# of states that a system can take on
5 steps of scientific method -CORRECT ANSWER-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation -CORRECT ANSWER-act of viewing the world around us
question -CORRECT ANSWER-made based off of an observation
hypothesis -CORRECT ANSWER-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment -CORRECT ANSWER-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion -CORRECT ANSWER-supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction -CORRECT ANSWER-a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the
outcome you would observe if your hypothesis was supported
,theory -CORRECT ANSWER-a sound explanation of the world supported through continued
observation and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment -CORRECT ANSWER-1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable -CORRECT ANSWER-feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to
the next
test group -CORRECT ANSWER-exposed to variable in an experiment
control group -CORRECT ANSWER-not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group -CORRECT ANSWER-they allow researchers to
determine whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable -CORRECT ANSWER-manipulation performed on the test group
(ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? -CORRECT ANSWER-x-axis
dependent variable -CORRECT ANSWER-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? -CORRECT ANSWER-y-axis
theory of evolution -CORRECT ANSWER-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful
explanation for both biological observations & the diversity of life
, why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? -CORRECT ANSWER-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific
questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms -CORRECT ANSWER-1.
organization - complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER-energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? -CORRECT ANSWER--
living organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics -CORRECT ANSWER-the amount of entropy in the universe is
constantly increasing
entropy -CORRECT ANSWER-amount of disorder in a system
disorder -CORRECT ANSWER-# of states that a system can take on
