NUR 220 FINAL EXAM: HEALTH TEACHING QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE VERIFIED ANSWERS SOLVED.

Patient Practice Education - correct answers A combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions -Learning is a change in cognition and or performance which occurs as a result of experience and results in a change in behavior -A relationship between experts. -Focus is on the health of the client rather than the medical diagnosis Goals of Health Education - correct answers 1. Encourage positive, informed changes in lifestyle 2. Prevent acute and chronic disease 3. Decrease disability 4. Enhance wellness 5. Empower the individual Health Promotion - correct answers The concept of health promotion, which focuses in the biological, socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health, includes the narrower concept of health education. Health Education - correct answers Health education involves giving information and teaching individual s and communities how to achieve better health. This is a common role in nursing and public health practice. Components of Health Education - correct answers Health education is a process of assisting clients to make informed decisions about their health in which: 1. Teaching-learning principles are employed; 2. Learners maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions; 3. The focus is on behavior changes that have been found to improve health (evidenced-based) Steps in the Teaching Learning process - correct answers 1. Assessment Learner characteristics Learner needs 2. Development of expected learning outcomes 3. Development of teaching plan Content Teaching strategies 4. Implementation of the teaching plan 5. Evaluation of expected outcomes Achievement of learning outcomes Evaluation of the teaching process Factors to Assess - correct answers Belief systems Knowledge base Ability to Learn Readiness to Learn History of adherence/compliance Environment Time factors Availability of resources What else? Factors that may affect ability to learn - correct answers Anxiety Trust Basic needs...are they met? Age Gender Occupation Education Reading ability Hearing ability Culture/belief system Language Self-concept Locus of control Self-efficacy Motivation motivation - correct answers A term that describes forces acting on or within an individual that initiate, direct or maintain behavior. Health Belief Model - correct answers Used to predict and explain health behavior Explains the role of values and beliefs Guides nurses in choosing educational strategies Components include: -Value of health to individual -Perceived susceptibility to a health problem -Perceived seriousness of the disease level -Risk factors for a disease -Perceived barriers to health-promotion action Social Learning/Cognitive Theory - correct answers Emphasizes the influence of self-efficacy on health behavior -An individual's perception of confidence in the ability to perform a specific behavior Describes the roles of reinforcement and observational learning in explaining health behavior Self-efficacy strategies focus on: -Increasing confidence in ability to change -Convincing person of positive benefits of change Transtheoretical Model of Change - correct answers -Stages of change model: Determine where person is in relation to making behavior change; readiness for change -Self-efficacy also a key construct in model Stages: 1. Pre-contemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Planning 4. Action 5. Maintenance -Partnering with individuals regarding behavior change -Respect the person's right to choose pre contemplation - correct answers not considering behavior change contemplation - correct answers Seriously considering specific behavior change in next 6 months planning - correct answers Starting to change or seriously thinking about making change in next month actions - correct answers Made behavior change; change persisted for 6 months maintenance - correct answers 6 months after action started, continuing indefinitely Enhancing motivation - correct answers -Involving the client in planning and goal setting -Providing information that is understandable and acceptable -Assisting the person in developing new skills -Assess behavior -Educate about the need for behavioral change -Motivate using personalized messages -Assess and increase self-efficacy -Decrease barriers to change Ethics - correct answers Respect for human dignity Right to autonomy or self-determination Nurse: Facilitate environment where people can make informed, free choice Culture - correct answers Assess cultural beliefs Provide culturally sensitive client education Seek to understand and show respect for cultural differences Diagnose Learning Needs - correct answers Knowledge Deficit: -Verbalization of inadequate information -Verbalization of misunderstanding -Instructions not followed -Performance inadequate Planning: Learning Goals - correct answers The health behavior or health status change that the client is expected to achieve by the end of the educational intervention. Planning: Learning Objectives - correct answers -Indicate the steps to be taken by the client toward meeting the learning goal. -Stated in behavioral terms. -Objectives are generally expressed using one of the three "domains of learning 1. cognitive 2. psychomotor 3. affective -Established mutually with client Help the nurse focus on the task -Components of learning objectives: 1. the observable behavior and to what degree it will occur; 2. the conditions under which the behavior will be performed; 3. the criteria used to evaluate the behavior Cognitive - correct answers learning new facts and concepts psychomotor - correct answers developing physical skills affective - correct answers recognition of values, beliefs, attitudes, and relationships that affect decision making Level of Learning (Bloom's Taxonomy) - correct answers -Tools for arranging levels of learning objectives according to type/complexity -Example: Cognitive domain Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation -Educational strategies match level of learning Knowledge - correct answers recalls facts/concepts comprehension - correct answers understands meanings application - correct answers uses concept analysis - correct answers examines/explains concept synthesis - correct answers integrates concept with other learning evaluation - correct answers judges/compares the concept Example - correct answers -Learning goal: "Client will be independent in managing diabetes and will seek timely medical and nursing care". -Learning Objectives: At the end of the final home visit the client will be able to: 1. Correctly draw up and administer insulin injections without assistance; 2. Demonstrate daily blood glucose monitoring and recording without prompting; 3. Demonstrate a thorough understanding of prescribed ADA diet through diet recall and discussion; 4. Discuss the impact the disease has on family life and steps taken to ensure positive relationships The Teaching Plan - correct answers -Content to be taught -Methods by which it will be presented a. Learner should be an active participant b. Be aware of anxiety in client -Learning climate -Teaching for each learning domain Some Principles - correct answers -Go from known to unknown -Go from simple to complex -Go from concrete to abstract -Active vs. passive -Enable learner to understand logic -Use a variety of resources -Use models when possible -Provide for practice -Adapt learning to new situations -Ensure that experiences are positive rather than frustrating Teaching Modalities - correct answers -Lecture -Demonstration -Programmed instruction -Role playing -Simulation -Behavior modification -Contracting Implementing a Teaching Plan - correct answers -Be enthusiastic -Use understandable language -Remind the client of the mutually set learning goals and expectations -Provide reinforcement -Allow time for feedback -Be flexible Facilitate Learning - correct answers 1. Assess readiness 2. Use repetition 3. Start with what is known and proceed to what is unknown, moving from simple to complex Evaluatino - correct answers -Return to the objectives -Consider patients continuous feedback -Provide a checklist of the content the patient remembers -Verbal quiz -Written post-test -Return demonstration -Documentation of Teaching: a. All disciplines b. Coordinated by nurses c. Meets JCAHO standards social marketing and health education - correct answers -Application of commercial marketing technologies to program development and implementation to influence behavior and improve welfare a. Primary objective is to change behavior -Key attributes: a. Offering of benefits b. Reduction of barriers -Consumer oriented -Culturally sensitive -Information about target population can improve development of effective educatio