NSGl 548/l NSG548l Examl 3l –l FNPl Rolel
Childrenl &l Familiesl Review|l Wilkesl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl isl thel normall visuall acuityl ofl newborns?
Answer:
Approximatelyl 20/400.
Q:l Whatl doesl al normall redl reflexl indicate?
Answer:
Itl shouldl bel symmetricall andl absentl ofl opacities,l whitel orl darkl spots.
Q:l Whatl abnormalitiesl inl thel redl reflexl indicatel al needl forl referrall tol anl
ophthalmologist?
Answer:
Darkl spots,l markedlyl diminishedl reflex,l presencel ofl al whitel reflex,l orl asymmetryl ofl
thel reflex.
Q:l Whatl doesl CHARGEl standl forl inl congenitall defects?
Answer:
Colobomal ofl thel eye,l Heartl defects,l Choanall Atresia,l Retractionl ofl growthl and/orl
development,l Genitall and/orl urinaryl abnormalities,l Earl abnormalitiesl andl deafness.
Q:l Whenl isl dysconjugatel gazel consideredl normal?
,Answer:
Inl thel firstl 2-3l monthsl ofl life.
Q:l Whatl shouldl bel donel ifl dysconjugatel gazel isl fixedl inl onel eye?
Answer:
Consultl al pediatricl ophthalmologist.
Q:l Whatl isl thel normall oxygenl saturationl forl infants?
Answer:
95%l orl higher.
Q:l Whatl furtherl assessmentl isl requiredl forl oxygenl saturationl betweenl 90%l andl 94%?
Answer:
Furtherl clinicall assessmentl isl required.
Q:l Whatl actionl isl neededl ifl oxygenl saturationl isl underl 90%?
Answer:
Urgentl evaluationl byl al pediatricl teaml isl required.
Q:l Wherel shouldl oxygenl saturationl bel measuredl tol assessl forl cyanosis?
Answer:
Inl bothl preductall (rightl hand)l andl postductall (eitherl foot)l locations.
Q:l Whatl isl thel purposel ofl anl echocardiograml forl al newbornl whol failsl screening?
,Answer:
Tol rulel outl congenitall heartl defects.
Q:l Whatl testsl arel usedl tol evaluatel hearingl inl newbornsl andl infants?
Answer:
Auditoryl brainsteml responsel (ABR)l andl otoacousticl emissionsl testl (OAE)l byl onel monthl
ofl age.
Q:l Whatl isl consideredl al normall hearingl thresholdl forl newborns?
Answer:
Betweenl 0-20l dB.
Q:l Whatl keyl historyl factorsl arel importantl forl evaluatingl newborns?
Answer:
Pregnancyl complications,l infections,l exposuresl tol toxins,l substancel use,l gestationall
diabetes,l hypertension,l birthl historyl includingl gestationall age,l deliveryl method,l APGARl
score,l birthl weight,l congenitall anomalies,l andl healthl complications.
Q:l Whatl arel hemangiomasl inl newborns?
Answer:
Benignl vascularl tumorsl causedl byl increasedl growthl ofl endotheliall cellsl onl bloodl
vessels.
Q:l Whatl arel Mongolianl spots?
Answer:
Blue-grayl macules,l alsol knownl asl congenitall dermall melanocytosis,l commonl inl black,l
Nativel American,l andl Hispanicl babies.
, Q:l Whatl arel café-au-laitl spots?
Answer:
Flatl pigmentedl lesionsl thatl mayl bel presentl atl birthl orl appearl duringl earlyl childhood,l
oftenl associatedl withl conditionsl likel neurofibromatosisl typel 1.
Q:l Whatl arel portl winel stains?
Answer:
Darkl redl orl purplel capillaryl malformations;l ifl nearl thel eye,l anl ophthalmologyl referrall
isl necessary.
Q:l Whatl developmentall milestonesl shouldl bel expectedl atl al 12-monthl welll visit?
Answer:
Lookl forl hiddenl objects,l imitatel newl gestures,l followl one-stepl commands,l usel 'dada'l orl
'mama'l specifically,l andl takel firstl stepsl orl standl withoutl support.
Q:l Whatl arel somel developmentall warningl signsl inl newborns?
Answer:
Unresponsivenessl tol loudl noise,l stiffl orl floppyl extremities,l excessivel sleepiness,l
difficultyl awakeningl tol feed,l andl excessivel irritability.
Q:l Howl canl gray/bluel maculesl onl anl infantl bel differentiatedl froml bruising?
Answer:
Theyl dol notl changel colorl orl shapel overl timel andl arel notl painfull tol touch.
Q:l Whatl isl thel medicall significancel ofl gray/bluel maculesl inl infants?
Childrenl &l Familiesl Review|l Wilkesl
(Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l 100%l
Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l Whatl isl thel normall visuall acuityl ofl newborns?
Answer:
Approximatelyl 20/400.
Q:l Whatl doesl al normall redl reflexl indicate?
Answer:
Itl shouldl bel symmetricall andl absentl ofl opacities,l whitel orl darkl spots.
Q:l Whatl abnormalitiesl inl thel redl reflexl indicatel al needl forl referrall tol anl
ophthalmologist?
Answer:
Darkl spots,l markedlyl diminishedl reflex,l presencel ofl al whitel reflex,l orl asymmetryl ofl
thel reflex.
Q:l Whatl doesl CHARGEl standl forl inl congenitall defects?
Answer:
Colobomal ofl thel eye,l Heartl defects,l Choanall Atresia,l Retractionl ofl growthl and/orl
development,l Genitall and/orl urinaryl abnormalities,l Earl abnormalitiesl andl deafness.
Q:l Whenl isl dysconjugatel gazel consideredl normal?
,Answer:
Inl thel firstl 2-3l monthsl ofl life.
Q:l Whatl shouldl bel donel ifl dysconjugatel gazel isl fixedl inl onel eye?
Answer:
Consultl al pediatricl ophthalmologist.
Q:l Whatl isl thel normall oxygenl saturationl forl infants?
Answer:
95%l orl higher.
Q:l Whatl furtherl assessmentl isl requiredl forl oxygenl saturationl betweenl 90%l andl 94%?
Answer:
Furtherl clinicall assessmentl isl required.
Q:l Whatl actionl isl neededl ifl oxygenl saturationl isl underl 90%?
Answer:
Urgentl evaluationl byl al pediatricl teaml isl required.
Q:l Wherel shouldl oxygenl saturationl bel measuredl tol assessl forl cyanosis?
Answer:
Inl bothl preductall (rightl hand)l andl postductall (eitherl foot)l locations.
Q:l Whatl isl thel purposel ofl anl echocardiograml forl al newbornl whol failsl screening?
,Answer:
Tol rulel outl congenitall heartl defects.
Q:l Whatl testsl arel usedl tol evaluatel hearingl inl newbornsl andl infants?
Answer:
Auditoryl brainsteml responsel (ABR)l andl otoacousticl emissionsl testl (OAE)l byl onel monthl
ofl age.
Q:l Whatl isl consideredl al normall hearingl thresholdl forl newborns?
Answer:
Betweenl 0-20l dB.
Q:l Whatl keyl historyl factorsl arel importantl forl evaluatingl newborns?
Answer:
Pregnancyl complications,l infections,l exposuresl tol toxins,l substancel use,l gestationall
diabetes,l hypertension,l birthl historyl includingl gestationall age,l deliveryl method,l APGARl
score,l birthl weight,l congenitall anomalies,l andl healthl complications.
Q:l Whatl arel hemangiomasl inl newborns?
Answer:
Benignl vascularl tumorsl causedl byl increasedl growthl ofl endotheliall cellsl onl bloodl
vessels.
Q:l Whatl arel Mongolianl spots?
Answer:
Blue-grayl macules,l alsol knownl asl congenitall dermall melanocytosis,l commonl inl black,l
Nativel American,l andl Hispanicl babies.
, Q:l Whatl arel café-au-laitl spots?
Answer:
Flatl pigmentedl lesionsl thatl mayl bel presentl atl birthl orl appearl duringl earlyl childhood,l
oftenl associatedl withl conditionsl likel neurofibromatosisl typel 1.
Q:l Whatl arel portl winel stains?
Answer:
Darkl redl orl purplel capillaryl malformations;l ifl nearl thel eye,l anl ophthalmologyl referrall
isl necessary.
Q:l Whatl developmentall milestonesl shouldl bel expectedl atl al 12-monthl welll visit?
Answer:
Lookl forl hiddenl objects,l imitatel newl gestures,l followl one-stepl commands,l usel 'dada'l orl
'mama'l specifically,l andl takel firstl stepsl orl standl withoutl support.
Q:l Whatl arel somel developmentall warningl signsl inl newborns?
Answer:
Unresponsivenessl tol loudl noise,l stiffl orl floppyl extremities,l excessivel sleepiness,l
difficultyl awakeningl tol feed,l andl excessivel irritability.
Q:l Howl canl gray/bluel maculesl onl anl infantl bel differentiatedl froml bruising?
Answer:
Theyl dol notl changel colorl orl shapel overl timel andl arel notl painfull tol touch.
Q:l Whatl isl thel medicall significancel ofl gray/bluel maculesl inl infants?
